Niobium

kobalt

Niobium mungsuh kobalt

Niobium

kobalt

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Family unsur

transisi Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74400317440484

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

3M Im_

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

229.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

metal Niobium iki digunakake kanggo njaluk disebut Columbium ing past.
metal Niobium ketemu ing alam bebas (turah mbrawah).

Character length exceed error

2.2 sumber

Miturut-produk saka Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

Found in Senyawa, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Charles Hatchett

Georg Brandt

2.3.2 Discovery

ing taun 1801

ing 1732

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

2 * 10^-7 %3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.0000004 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.06 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiya0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Character length exceed error

Sawijining wesi aluminium lan nikel sing digunakake kanggo nggawe wesi sembrani kuat.
Sawetara wesi liyane ngetokne kekuatan-suhu dhuwur lan Empu padha digunakake ing Turbines saka Jet lan Gas engine.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry amunisi, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Industry Pharmaceutical

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Low Toxic

Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

3.2.3 Sang

0.01 Sang / mg dm-30.04 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

0.07 ppm0.04 ppm

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

2,468.00 ° C1,495.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,468.00 ° C2,870.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

Gray

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

6.005.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

735.00 MPa470.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

870.00 MPa1,043.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

3,480.00 m / s4,720.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiya67.00 %

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

α-kobalt

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

β-kobalt

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

1726

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.601.88

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

1.422.56

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.231.70

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.411.84

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.402.12

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

652.10 kJ / mol760.40 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,380.00 kJ / mol1,648.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

2,416.00 kJ / mol3,232.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

3,700.00 kJ / mol4,950.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

4,877.00 kJ / mol7,670.00 kJ / mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

9,847.00 kJ / mol9,840.00 kJ / mol

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

12,100.00 kJ / mol12,440.00 kJ / mol

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiya15,230.00 kJ / mol

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiya17,959.00 kJ / mol

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiya26,570.00 kJ / mol

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiya29,400.00 kJ / mol

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiya32,400.00 kJ / mol

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiya36,600.00 kJ / mol

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiya39,700.00 kJ / mol

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiya42,800.00 kJ / mol

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiya49,396.00 kJ / mol

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiya52,737.00 kJ / mol

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiya134,810.00 kJ / mol

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiya145,170.00 kJ / mol

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiya154,700.00 kJ / mol

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiya167,400.00 kJ / mol

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiya178,100.00 kJ / mol

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiya189,300.00 kJ / mol

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

0.69 g / amp-day1.10 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

4.30 eV5.00 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

4122

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Kr] 4d ⁴ 5S ¹

[Ar] 3d ² 4s ²

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Body tengah kubik (Bcc)

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

4122

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

5226

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

4122

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

146.00 pm147.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

164.00 pm160.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm200.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

92.91 Amu47.87 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

10.87 cm3 / mol10.64 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

104.00 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

330.04 pm295.08 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

8.57 g / cm ³4.51 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

ora Sumadhiya4.11 g / cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

330.00 MPa434.00 MPa

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)0.98 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

38.00 GPA44.00 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

170.00 GPA110.00 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

105.00 GPA116.00 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

0.400.32

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

ductile

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

8.574,500.00

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

8.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

Arman miskin

8.2.2 resistivity

152.00 nΩ · m420.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.02 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

86.10 kJ / mol7.60 kJ / mol

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.26 J / (kg K)0.52 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

24.60 J / mol · K25.06 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

53.70 W / m · K21.90 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

7.30 μm / (m · K)8.60 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

9.6 enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

696.60 kJ / mol429.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

27.20 kJ / mol15.48 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

745.00 kJ / mol468.60 kJ / mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard molar Entropy

36.40 J / mol.K27.30 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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