Panerapan mungsuh Niobium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Ga
Nb
Panggil Group
13
5
5
13
Panggil periode
4
5
Block
p pemblokiran
d block
Family unsur
Transisi Post-
transisi Metal
CAS Number
7440553
32
7440031
99+
Jeneng papan Group
Cmca
3M Im_
Space Group Number
64.00
9
229.00
1
facts
Facts Interesting
- A gram saka logam Gallium bisa tuku mung telung dolar.
- Panerapan logam ketemu ing ores bab ing ngisor iki Coal, Bauksit, Diaspore, sphalerite, germanite lan Seng.
- metal Niobium iki digunakake kanggo njaluk disebut Columbium ing past.
- metal Niobium ketemu ing alam bebas (turah mbrawah).
sumber
bumi lemah ndhuwur, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
Miturut-produk saka Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
History
sing katutup
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Charles Hatchett
Discovery
ing taun 1875
ing taun 1801
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
2 * 10-7 %
22
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.0000004 %
23
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
35
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
25
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
34
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- Panerapan arsenida punika komponèn penting banget akeh semikonduktor lan manufaktur mimpin.
- Panerapan nitride uga ngerti minangka semikonduktor lan digunakake ing teknologi Blu-ray, Smartphone mobile lan LED.
Character length exceed error
Ulah Industrial
Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industry Aerospace, Industry amunisi, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Ulah liyane
wesi
wesi
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
Low Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ya
Sang
0.08 Sang / mg dm-3
13
0.01 Sang / mg dm-3
25
ing Bone
ora Sumadhiya
0.07 ppm
25
fisik Properties
leleh Point
29.78 ° C
99+
2,468.00 ° C
6
Boiling Point
2,403.00 ° C
99+
2,468.00 ° C
99+
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
perak Putih
Gray
luster
metallic
metallic
atose
Mohs atose
1.50
18
6.00
6
Brinell atose
56.80 MPa
99+
735.00 MPa
14
Vickers atose
ora Sumadhiya
870.00 MPa
12
Kacepetan swara
2,740.00 m / s
31
3,480.00 m / s
21
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Ga
Nb
isotop
Isotop dikenal
24
15
17
22
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.81
15
1.60
23
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
2.42
2
1.42
16
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.82
1
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
2.01
5
ora Sumadhiya
Allen Elektronegativitas
1.76
14
1.41
31
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19
39
2.40
31
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
578.80 kJ / mol
99+
652.10 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
1,979.30 kJ / mol
13
1,380.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
2,963.00 kJ / mol
28
2,416.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
6,180.00 kJ / mol
8
3,700.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 5th
ora Sumadhiya
4,877.00 kJ / mol
36
Level Energy 6th
ora Sumadhiya
9,847.00 kJ / mol
11
tingkat Energy 7
ora Sumadhiya
12,100.00 kJ / mol
14
padha karo elektrokimia
0.87 g / amp-day
99+
0.69 g / amp-day
99+
Fungsi Work elektron
4.20 eV
23
4.30 eV
18
Properties Kimia liyane
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif
anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
atom Properties
Panggil atom
31
99+
41
99+
Konfigurasi elektron
[Ar] 3d 10 4s 2 4p 1
[Kr] 4d 4 5S 1
Struktur Crystal
Orthorhombic (Orth)
Body tengah kubik (Bcc)
Crystal pola
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
31
99+
41
99+
Jumlah Neutron
39
99+
52
99+
Jumlah Èlèktron
31
99+
41
99+
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
135.00 pm
99+
146.00 pm
35
kovalen Radius
122.00 pm
99+
164.00 pm
28
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm
32
200.00 pm
28
Bobot atom
69.72 Amu
99+
92.91 Amu
99+
Volume atom
11.80 cm3 / mol
99+
10.87 cm3 / mol
99+
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
69.70 (-eV)
19
104.00 (-eV)
8
Constant pola
451.97 pm
18
330.04 pm
99+
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
5.91 g / cm 3
99+
8.57 g / cm 3
99+
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
6.10 g / cm3
99+
ora Sumadhiya
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
330.00 MPa
12
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
15
ora Sumadhiya
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 (Pa)
27
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
ora Sumadhiya
38.00 GPA
19
pengaturan akeh
ora Sumadhiya
170.00 GPA
10
Young kang pengaturan
9.80 GPA
99+
105.00 GPA
20
Poisson rasio
0.47
1
0.40
4
Properties Teknik liyane
NA
ductile, malleable
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
5.91
99+
8.57
37
Nindakake Magnetic
diamagnetic
paramagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Semiconductor
Arman
resistivity
270.00 nΩ · m
15
152.00 nΩ · m
23
konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
29
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
28
elektron Affinity
28.90 kJ / mol
31
86.10 kJ / mol
12
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.37 J / (kg K)
16
0.26 J / (kg K)
20
Graham Kapasitas kalor
25.86 J / mol · K
35
24.60 J / mol · K
99+
doyo termal
40.60 W / m · K
34
53.70 W / m · K
29
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
18.00 μm / (m · K)
24
7.30 μm / (m · K)
99+
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
256.10 kJ / mol
36
696.60 kJ / mol
4
Enthalpy saka Fusion
5.59 kJ / mol
99+
27.20 kJ / mol
6
Enthalpy saka atomization
276.10 kJ / mol
39
745.00 kJ / mol
4
Standard molar Entropy
40.80 J / mol.K
38
36.40 J / mol.K
99+
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