1 Tabel périodik
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Panggil Group
1.3 Panggil periode
1.4 Block
pemblokiran f
p pemblokiran
1.5 Family unsur
actinide
Transisi mbokmenawa Post-
1.6 CAS Number
744032654100719
7429905
54386242
1.7 Jeneng papan Group
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00ora Sumadhiya
11
229
2 facts
2.1 Facts Interesting
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
ora Cepak
2.2 sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
sintetik Diprodhuksi
2.3 History
2.3.1 sing katutup
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 turah mbrawah
2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
3 * 10-4 %ora Sumadhiya
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0004 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.05 %ora Sumadhiya
1.7E-07
22
2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.66 %ora Sumadhiya
9.9E-12
8.1
2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %ora Sumadhiya
2E-23
1.1
2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1E-13
1.4
3 ulah
3.1 Ulah lan Wuku
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
- Efesus saiki dikenal saka logam Livermorium sing winates kanggo riset waé mung.
3.1.1 Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
NA
3.1.2 Ulah Medical
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
3.1.3 Ulah liyane
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
tujuan Research
3.2 Properties biologi
3.2.1 keracunan
3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human
3.2.3 Sang
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3ora Sumadhiya
0
1970
3.2.4 ing Bone
0.02 ppmora Sumadhiya
0
170000
4 fisik
4.1 leleh Point
1,750.00 ° Cora Sumadhiya
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
4,790.00 ° Cora Sumadhiya
147
5660
4.3 katon
4.3.1 State fisik
4.3.2 warna
4.3.3 luster
4.4 atose
4.4.1 Mohs atose
3.00ora Sumadhiya
0.2
8.5
4.4.2 Brinell atose
390.00 MPaora Sumadhiya
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers atose
295.00 MPaora Sumadhiya
121
3430
4.5 Kacepetan swara
2,490.00 m / sora Sumadhiya
818
16200
4.6 Properties Optical
4.6.1 bias Index
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.000933
1.7229
4.6.2 reflectivity
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
58
97
4.7 allotropes
4.7.1 α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
4.7.2 β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
4.7.3 γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
5 Kimia
5.1 Formula Kimia
5.2 isotop
5.2.1 Isotop dikenal
5.3 keelektronegatifan
5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.30ora Sumadhiya
0.7
2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.22
2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.11ora Sumadhiya
0.86
1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.62
2.48
5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.659
2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.70ora Sumadhiya
1.46
3.3
5.5 tenogo ionisasi
5.5.1 Level Energy 1st
587.00 kJ / mol723.60 kJ / mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 Level Energy 2
1,110.00 kJ / mol1,331.50 kJ / mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd
1,978.00 kJ / mol2,846.30 kJ / mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 Level Energy 4
2,780.00 kJ / mol3,811.20 kJ / mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 Level Energy 5th
ora Sumadhiya6,078.60 kJ / mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 Level Energy 6th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 Level Energy 8
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 Level Energy 9
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
14110
134700
5.5.10 Level Energy 10th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
17100
144300
5.5.11 Level Energy 11
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
19900
169988
5.5.12 Level Energy 12
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
22219
189368
5.5.13 Level Energy 13
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
26930
76015
5.5.14 Level Energy 14
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
29196
86450
5.5.15 Level Energy 15
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
41987
97510
5.5.16 Level Energy 16
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
47206
109480
5.5.17 Level Energy 17
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
52737
122200
5.5.18 Level Energy 18
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
58570
134810
5.5.19 Level Energy 19
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
64702
148700
5.5.20 Level Energy 20
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
80400
171200
5.5.21 Level Energy 21
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
87000
179100
5.5.22 Level Energy 22
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
93400
184900
5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
98420
198800
5.5.24 Level Energy 24
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
104400
195200
5.5.25 Level Energy 25th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
121900
121900
5.5.26 Level Energy 26th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
127700
127700
5.5.27 Level Energy 27th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
133800
133800
5.5.28 Level Energy 28th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
139800
139800
5.5.29 Level Energy 29
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
148100
148100
5.5.30 Level Energy 30
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
154500
154500
5.6 padha karo elektrokimia
2.16 g / amp-dayora Sumadhiya
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Fungsi Work elektron
3.41 eVora Sumadhiya
2.14
5.65
5.8 Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi
6 atom
6.1 Panggil atom
6.2 Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
[Rn] 5F 14 6D 10 7s 2 7p 4
6.3 Struktur Crystal
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
ora Lake
6.3.1 Crystal pola
6.4 atom
6.4.1 Jumlah proton
6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron
6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron
6.5 Radius saka Atom
6.5.1 Radius atom
179.80 pmora Sumadhiya
112
265
6.5.2 kovalen Radius
206.00 pmora Sumadhiya
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pmora Sumadhiya
139
348
6.6 Bobot atom
232.04 Amu293.00 Amu
6.94
294
6.7 Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / molora Sumadhiya
1.39
71.07
6.8 Nomer atom jejer
6.8.1 unsur Previous
6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur
6.9 Potensi Valence Electron
59.30 (-eV)ora Sumadhiya
8
392.42
6.10 Constant pola
508.42 pmora Sumadhiya
228.58
891.25
6.11 pola Angles
6.12 Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.567
1.886
7 Teknik
7.1 Kapadhetan
7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
11.72 g / cm 3ora Sumadhiya
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.512
20
7.2 Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
2.5
11000
7.3 viskositas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.001526
0.001526
7.4 meksa beluk
7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
2.47E-11
121
7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya
2.62E-10
774
7.5 situs kelenturan
7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan
31.00 GPAora Sumadhiya
1.3
222
7.5.2 pengaturan akeh
54.00 GPAora Sumadhiya
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan
79.00 GPAora Sumadhiya
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson rasio
0.27ora Sumadhiya
0.032
0.47
7.7 Properties Teknik liyane
8 Magnetic
8.1 Ciri Magnetic
8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu
11.70ora Sumadhiya
0.53
4500
8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
paramagnetic
8.1.3 permeabilitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.25643E-06
0.0063
8.1.4 kelemahan
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
-0.000166
200000
8.2 Properties Listrik
8.2.1 Property Listrik
8.2.2 resistivity
157.00 nΩ · mora Sumadhiya
0.18
961
8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ωora Sumadhiya
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 elektron Affinity
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0
222.8
9 termal
9.1 Kalor tartamtu
0.12 J / (kg K)ora Sumadhiya
0.11
3.6
9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor
26.23 J / mol · Kora Sumadhiya
16.443
62.7
9.3 doyo termal
54.00 W / m · Kora Sumadhiya
6.3
429
9.4 suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
26.3
3223
9.5 Expansion termal
11.00 μm / (m · K)ora Sumadhiya
4.5
97
9.6 enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan
429.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.48 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization
468.60 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
61.5
837
9.7 Standard molar Entropy
27.30 J / mol.Kora Sumadhiya
9.5
198.1