thorium mungsuh rutherfordium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Th
Rf
Panggil Group
0
18
4
14
Panggil periode
7
7
Block
pemblokiran f
d block
Family unsur
actinide
transisi Metal
CAS Number
7440326
99+
53850365
13
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
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Space Group Number
194.00
5
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facts
Facts Interesting
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
- Rutherfordium ora dumadi ing alam minangka unsur sintetis.
- Ampe tanggal logam rutherfordium wis 15 radioisotopes digawe sacara sintetis.
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
Némbakaké Plutonium karo cepet 113 kanggo 115 MeV Neon Ion, sintetik Diprodhuksi
History
sing katutup
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Discovery
ing 1829
ing 1964
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
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Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~-9999 %
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.05 %
11
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Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.66 %
7
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Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
15
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ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
- Efesus saiki dikenal saka logam rutherfordium sing winates kanggo riset waé mung.
Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
NA
Ulah Medical
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Ulah liyane
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
wesi, tujuan Research
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
Unknown
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ora
Sang
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
33
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
37
ing Bone
0.02 ppm
29
0.00 ppm
36
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,750.00 ° C
17
2,100.00 ° C
11
Boiling Point
4,790.00 ° C
8
5,500.00 ° C
3
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
Silver
Unknown
luster
NA
Unknown Luster
atose
Mohs atose
3.00
12
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Brinell atose
390.00 MPa
29
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Vickers atose
295.00 MPa
29
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Kacepetan swara
2,490.00 m / s
36
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Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
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β allotropes
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γ allotropes
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Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Th
Rf
isotop
Isotop dikenal
28
11
13
26
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.30
32
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Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.11
29
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Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
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tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
587.00 kJ / mol
99+
579.90 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
1,110.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,389.40 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
1,978.00 kJ / mol
99+
2,296.40 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
2,780.00 kJ / mol
99+
3,077.90 kJ / mol
99+
padha karo elektrokimia
2.16 g / amp-day
24
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Fungsi Work elektron
3.41 eV
32
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Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
atom Properties
Panggil atom
90
28
104
14
Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
[Rn] 5F 14 6D 2 7s 2
Struktur Crystal
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Crystal pola
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
90
28
104
14
Jumlah Neutron
142
15
157
7
Jumlah Èlèktron
90
28
104
14
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
179.80 pm
15
150.00 pm
33
kovalen Radius
206.00 pm
7
157.00 pm
31
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm
15
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Bobot atom
232.04 Amu
23
267.00 Amu
11
Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
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Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
59.30 (-eV)
23
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Constant pola
508.42 pm
14
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pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Pola C / A rasio
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Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
11.72 g / cm 3
32
23.20 g / cm 3
8
Strength tensile
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viskositas
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meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
22
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situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
31.00 GPA
21
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pengaturan akeh
54.00 GPA
22
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Young kang pengaturan
79.00 GPA
24
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Poisson rasio
0.27
20
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Properties Teknik liyane
ductile
Unknown
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
11.70
23
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Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
Unknown
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
superconductor
Unknown
resistivity
157.00 nΩ · m
22
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konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
31
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termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
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Graham Kapasitas kalor
26.23 J / mol · K
30
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doyo termal
54.00 W / m · K
28
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suhu kritis
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Expansion termal
11.00 μm / (m · K)
36
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enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
429.00 kJ / mol
15
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Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.48 kJ / mol
19
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Enthalpy saka atomization
468.60 kJ / mol
15
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Standard molar Entropy
27.30 J / mol.K
99+
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