1 Tabel périodik
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Panggil Group
1.3 Panggil periode
1.4 Block
1.6 Family unsur
1.7 CAS Number
74403267440224
7429905
54386242
1.11 Jeneng papan Group
1.12 Space Group Number
3 facts
3.1 Facts Interesting
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
- Kuwi unsur paling termenung.
- Silver punika logam ductile paling kapindho sawisé Gold.
- Sampeyan uga dipigunakaké ing Dentistry minangka wesi dental klip lan penobatan.
3.2 sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
bumi lemah ndhuwur, Found in Minerals, Ores logam
3.3 History
3.3.1 sing katutup
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Unknown
3.3.2 Discovery
ing 1829
Sadurunge 5000 BC
3.4 turah mbrawah
3.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
3 * 10-4 %6 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0004 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.14 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
4.2.8 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
5.2.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
5.5.3 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1E-13
1.4
6 ulah
6.1 Ulah lan Wuku
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
- Silver utamané dipigunakaké kanggo Jewelry lan nuduhake Piece.
- Kang digunakake kanggo Manufaktur mirrors kualitas dhuwur amarga bisa reflectivity sawijining.
6.1.1 Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industri Kimia, Industry Clothing, Industry Listrik
6.1.2 Ulah Medical
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Dentistry, Industry Pharmaceutical
6.1.3 Ulah liyane
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
wesi, bullion, koin, Jewellery, patung, Statues
6.2 Properties biologi
6.2.1 keracunan
6.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human
6.2.3 Sang
0.00 Sang / mg dm-30.00 Sang / mg dm-3
0
1970
6.4.2 ing Bone
0.02 ppm0.44 ppm
0
170000
8 fisik
8.1 leleh Point
1,750.00 ° C961.93 ° C
27
3410
8.4 Boiling Point
4,790.00 ° C2,212.00 ° C
147
5660
8.6 katon
8.6.1 State fisik
8.6.2 warna
8.6.3 luster
8.7 atose
8.7.1 Mohs atose
8.8.3 Brinell atose
390.00 MPa251.00 MPa
0.14
3490
8.8.5 Vickers atose
295.00 MPa229.00 MPa
121
3430
8.10 Kacepetan swara
2,490.00 m / s2,680.00 m / s
818
16200
8.12 Properties Optical
8.12.1 bias Index
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.000933
1.7229
8.12.3 reflectivity
ora Sumadhiya97.00 %
58
97
8.13 allotropes
8.13.1 α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
8.13.2 β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
8.13.3 γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
9 Kimia
9.1 Formula Kimia
9.2 isotop
9.2.1 Isotop dikenal
9.3 keelektronegatifan
9.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas
9.3.3 Sanderson Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya1.83
0.22
2.56
9.3.5 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
9.3.8 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya1.47
0.62
2.48
9.3.10 Allen Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya1.87
0.659
2.7
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 tenogo ionisasi
9.5.1 Level Energy 1st
587.00 kJ / mol731.00 kJ / mol
375.7
26130
9.5.4 Level Energy 2
1,110.00 kJ / mol2,070.00 kJ / mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.7 Level Energy 3rd
1,978.00 kJ / mol3,361.00 kJ / mol
1600
34230
9.5.11 Level Energy 4
2,780.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
2780
37066
9.5.14 Level Energy 5th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
4305.2
97510
9.5.17 Level Energy 6th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
5715.8
105800
9.5.19 tingkat Energy 7
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
7226.8
114300
9.5.22 Level Energy 8
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
8857.4
125300
9.5.24 Level Energy 9
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
14110
134700
9.6.1 Level Energy 10th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
17100
144300
9.7.1 Level Energy 11
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
19900
169988
10.1.1 Level Energy 12
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
22219
189368
10.4.2 Level Energy 13
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
26930
76015
10.4.4 Level Energy 14
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
29196
86450
10.4.6 Level Energy 15
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
41987
97510
10.5.2 Level Energy 16
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
47206
109480
10.5.4 Level Energy 17
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
52737
122200
10.5.6 Level Energy 18
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
58570
134810
10.6.1 Level Energy 19
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
64702
148700
10.7.1 Level Energy 20
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
80400
171200
10.7.2 Level Energy 21
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
87000
179100
10.9.1 Level Energy 22
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
93400
184900
10.10.1 Level Energy 23rd
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
98420
198800
10.10.2 Level Energy 24
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
104400
195200
10.12.1 Level Energy 25th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
121900
121900
10.12.2 Level Energy 26th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
127700
127700
11.1.2 Level Energy 27th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
133800
133800
11.1.3 Level Energy 28th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
139800
139800
11.1.5 Level Energy 29
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
148100
148100
11.2.1 Level Energy 30
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
154500
154500
11.3 padha karo elektrokimia
2.16 g / amp-day4.02 g / amp-day
0.16812
8.3209
11.6 Fungsi Work elektron
11.7 Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi, kelarutan
12 atom
12.1 Panggil atom
12.3 Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
[Kr] 4d 10 5S 1
12.4 Struktur Crystal
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
12.4.1 Crystal pola
12.5 atom
12.5.1 Jumlah proton
12.5.3 Jumlah Neutron
13.1.2 Jumlah Èlèktron
13.2 Radius saka Atom
13.2.1 Radius atom
179.80 pm144.00 pm
112
265
13.3.3 kovalen Radius
206.00 pm145.00 pm
96
260
13.3.4 Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm172.00 pm
139
348
13.4 Bobot atom
232.04 Amu107.87 Amu
6.94
294
13.5 Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / mol10.30 cm3 / mol
1.39
71.07
14.2 Nomer atom jejer
14.2.1 unsur Previous
14.2.2 Sabanjure unsur
14.3 Potensi Valence Electron
59.30 (-eV)11.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
14.5 Constant pola
508.42 pm408.53 pm
228.58
891.25
14.7 pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
14.8 Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.567
1.886
15 Teknik
15.1 Kapadhetan
15.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
11.72 g / cm 310.49 g / cm 3
0.534
40.7
15.2.1 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
ora Sumadhiya9.32 g / cm3
0.512
20
15.4 Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
2.5
11000
15.5 viskositas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.001526
0.001526
15.6 meksa beluk
15.6.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
ora Sumadhiya0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
15.7.1 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya
2.62E-10
774
15.8 situs kelenturan
15.8.1 nyukur pengaturan
31.00 GPA30.00 GPA
1.3
222
15.8.2 pengaturan akeh
54.00 GPA100.00 GPA
1.6
462
15.8.3 Young kang pengaturan
79.00 GPA83.00 GPA
1.7
528
15.9 Poisson rasio
15.10 Properties Teknik liyane
ductile
ductile, malleable
16 Magnetic
16.1 Ciri Magnetic
16.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu
16.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic
16.1.3 permeabilitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.25643E-06
0.0063
16.1.4 kelemahan
ora Sumadhiya0.00
-0.000166
200000
16.2 Properties Listrik
16.2.1 Property Listrik
16.2.2 resistivity
157.00 nΩ · m15.87 nΩ · m
0.18
961
16.2.3 konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω0.63 10 6 / cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
16.2.4 elektron Affinity
ora Sumadhiya125.60 kJ / mol
0
222.8
17 termal
17.1 Kalor tartamtu
0.12 J / (kg K)0.24 J / (kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor
26.23 J / mol · K25.35 J / mol · K
16.443
62.7
17.3 doyo termal
54.00 W / m · K429.00 W / m · K
6.3
429
17.4 suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
26.3
3223
17.5 Expansion termal
11.00 μm / (m · K)18.90 μm / (m · K)
4.5
97
17.6 enthalpy
17.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan
429.00 kJ / mol255.10 kJ / mol
7.32
799.1
17.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.48 kJ / mol11.30 kJ / mol
2.1
35.23
17.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization
468.60 kJ / mol284.50 kJ / mol
61.5
837
17.7 Standard molar Entropy
27.30 J / mol.K42.60 J / mol.K
9.5
198.1