thorium mungsuh Terbium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Th
Tb
Panggil Group
0
18
ora Sumadhiya
Panggil periode
7
6
Block
pemblokiran f
pemblokiran f
Family unsur
actinide
lanthanide
CAS Number
7440326
99+
7440279
99+
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
P63 / mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
facts
Facts Interesting
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
- Ing kaping Terbium logam tumindak padha Calcium.
- metal Terbium rapet padha logam Lanthanum.
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Ketemu karo Other Metals Bumi Langka, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
History
sing katutup
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Discovery
ing 1829
Wonten ing taun 1842
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
5 * 10-8 %
27
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~0.00000001 %
29
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.05 %
11
0.00 %
99+
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.66 %
7
0.00 %
40
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
99+
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
- uyah Terbium digunakake ing piranti optik kaya piranti laser.
- alloy Terbium kang lengthens lan cendhak Magnetik kolom lan efek iki formulir speker.
Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Ulah liyane
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
wesi
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
Low Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ora
Sang
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
33
ora Sumadhiya
ing Bone
0.02 ppm
29
ora Sumadhiya
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,750.00 ° C
17
1,356.00 ° C
33
Boiling Point
4,790.00 ° C
8
3,123.00 ° C
29
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
Silver
perak Putih
luster
NA
metallic
atose
Mohs atose
3.00
12
ora Sumadhiya
Brinell atose
390.00 MPa
29
677.00 MPa
17
Vickers atose
295.00 MPa
29
863.00 MPa
13
Kacepetan swara
2,490.00 m / s
36
2,620.00 m / s
35
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Th
Tb
isotop
Isotop dikenal
28
11
26
13
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.30
32
ora Sumadhiya
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.11
29
1.10
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
ora Sumadhiya
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
587.00 kJ / mol
99+
603.40 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
1,110.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,174.80 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
1,978.00 kJ / mol
99+
2,417.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
2,780.00 kJ / mol
99+
4,203.00 kJ / mol
31
padha karo elektrokimia
2.16 g / amp-day
24
1.98 g / amp-day
31
Fungsi Work elektron
3.41 eV
32
3.00 eV
36
Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
atom Properties
Panggil atom
90
28
65
99+
Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
[Xe] 4F 9 6s 2
Struktur Crystal
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Crystal pola
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
90
28
65
99+
Jumlah Neutron
142
15
94
36
Jumlah Èlèktron
90
28
65
99+
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
179.80 pm
15
177.00 pm
17
kovalen Radius
206.00 pm
7
194.00 pm
16
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm
15
221.00 pm
22
Bobot atom
232.04 Amu
23
158.93 Amu
99+
Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
19.20 cm3 / mol
22
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
59.30 (-eV)
23
46.80 (-eV)
33
Constant pola
508.42 pm
14
360.10 pm
36
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya
1.58
13
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
11.72 g / cm 3
32
8.23 g / cm 3
99+
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
ora Sumadhiya
7.65 g / cm3
30
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
60.00 MPa
17
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 (Pa)
29
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
22
12.50 (Pa)
8
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
31.00 GPA
21
22.10 GPA
32
pengaturan akeh
54.00 GPA
22
38.70 GPA
33
Young kang pengaturan
79.00 GPA
24
55.70 GPA
34
Poisson rasio
0.27
20
0.26
21
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile
ductile, malleable
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
11.70
23
8.23
39
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
paramagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
superconductor
Arman
resistivity
157.00 nΩ · m
22
1.15 nΩ · m
99+
konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
31
0.01 10 6 / cm Ω
99+
elektron Affinity
ora Sumadhiya
50.00 kJ / mol
21
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
0.18 J / (kg K)
33
Graham Kapasitas kalor
26.23 J / mol · K
30
28.91 J / mol · K
9
doyo termal
54.00 W / m · K
28
11.10 W / m · K
99+
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
11.00 μm / (m · K)
36
10.30 μm / (m · K)
38
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
429.00 kJ / mol
15
330.90 kJ / mol
26
Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.48 kJ / mol
19
10.80 kJ / mol
34
Enthalpy saka atomization
468.60 kJ / mol
15
314.00 kJ / mol
33
Standard molar Entropy
27.30 J / mol.K
99+
73.20 J / mol.K
10
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