Zirconium mungsuh thorium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Zr
Th
Panggil Group
4
14
0
18
Panggil periode
5
7
Block
d block
pemblokiran f
Family unsur
transisi Metal
actinide
CAS Number
7440677
23
7440326
99+
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
P63 / mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
facts
Facts Interesting
- Zirconium logam bisa nolak kanggo asam banget.
- Zirconium logam ditanggepi karo oksigen lan nitrogen ing atmosfer.
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
sing katutup
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
ing taun 1789
ing 1829
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
5 * 10-6 %
13
3 * 10-4 %
9
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.0004 %
9
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.00 %
17
0.05 %
11
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.01 %
14
0.66 %
7
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
23
0.00 %
15
Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
0.00 %
15
ora Sumadhiya
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- Minangka logam ora nresep neutron; Kang digunakake ing stasiun daya nuklir.
- oxide sawijining digunakake ing keramik kuwat Ultra. Sampeyan uga dipigunakaké ing crucibles Manufaktur.
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry amunisi
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Ulah liyane
wesi, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
Properties biologi
keracunan
NA
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ya
Sang
0.01 Sang / mg dm-3
21
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
33
ing Bone
0.10 ppm
23
0.02 ppm
29
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,852.00 ° C
15
1,750.00 ° C
17
Boiling Point
4,377.00 ° C
11
4,790.00 ° C
8
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
perak Putih
Silver
luster
lustrous
NA
atose
Mohs atose
5.00
8
3.00
12
Brinell atose
638.00 MPa
19
390.00 MPa
29
Vickers atose
820.00 MPa
15
295.00 MPa
29
Kacepetan swara
3,800.00 m / s
20
2,490.00 m / s
36
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Zr
Th
isotop
Isotop dikenal
24
15
28
11
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.33
30
1.30
32
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
0.90
25
ora Sumadhiya
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.22
26
1.11
29
Allen Elektronegativitas
1.32
34
ora Sumadhiya
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67
24
2.70
22
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
640.10 kJ / mol
99+
587.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
1,270.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,110.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
2,218.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,978.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
3,313.00 kJ / mol
99+
2,780.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 5th
7,752.00 kJ / mol
10
ora Sumadhiya
Level Energy 6th
9,500.00 kJ / mol
15
ora Sumadhiya
padha karo elektrokimia
0.85 g / amp-day
99+
2.16 g / amp-day
24
Fungsi Work elektron
4.05 eV
26
3.41 eV
32
Properties Kimia liyane
anti Corrosion, kebakar, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
atom Properties
Panggil atom
40
99+
90
28
Konfigurasi elektron
[Kr] 4d 2 5S 2
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
Struktur Crystal
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Crystal pola
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
40
99+
90
28
Jumlah Neutron
51
99+
142
15
Jumlah Èlèktron
40
99+
90
28
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
160.00 pm
27
179.80 pm
15
kovalen Radius
175.00 pm
23
206.00 pm
7
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
237.00 pm
15
Bobot atom
91.22 Amu
99+
232.04 Amu
23
Volume atom
14.10 cm3 / mol
36
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
80.00 (-eV)
18
59.30 (-eV)
23
Constant pola
323.20 pm
99+
508.42 pm
14
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Pola C / A rasio
1.59
8
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
6.52 g / cm 3
99+
11.72 g / cm 3
32
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
5.80 g / cm3
99+
ora Sumadhiya
Strength tensile
330.00 MPa
12
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
0.00 (Pa)
22
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
33.00 GPA
20
31.00 GPA
21
pengaturan akeh
91.10 GPA
17
54.00 GPA
22
Young kang pengaturan
88.00 GPA
22
79.00 GPA
24
Poisson rasio
0.34
10
0.27
20
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile, malleable
ductile
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
6.51
99+
11.70
23
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
paramagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Arman
superconductor
resistivity
421.00 nΩ · m
11
157.00 nΩ · m
22
konduktivitas listrik
0.02 10 6 / cm Ω
99+
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
31
elektron Affinity
41.10 kJ / mol
27
ora Sumadhiya
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.27 J / (kg K)
19
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
Graham Kapasitas kalor
25.36 J / mol · K
99+
26.23 J / mol · K
30
doyo termal
22.60 W / m · K
99+
54.00 W / m · K
28
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
5.70 μm / (m · K)
99+
11.00 μm / (m · K)
36
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
581.60 kJ / mol
9
429.00 kJ / mol
15
Enthalpy saka Fusion
20.90 kJ / mol
11
15.48 kJ / mol
19
Enthalpy saka atomization
598.00 kJ / mol
10
468.60 kJ / mol
15
Standard molar Entropy
39.00 J / mol.K
39
27.30 J / mol.K
99+
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