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Actinium vs Californium

Actinium
Californium
Californium vs Actinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ac   
Cf   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440348   
99+
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Friedrich Oskar Giesel   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1902   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,227.00 °C   
38
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,200.00 °C   
26
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
3.00   
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ac   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10   
99+
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.00   
36
1.20   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90   
10
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol   
99+
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol   
23
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.82 g/amp-hr   
18
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
89   
29
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d1 7s2   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
89   
29
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
138   
16
153   
9
Number of Electrons
89   
29
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
195.00 pm   
7
186.00 pm   
9
Atomic Weight
227.00 amu   
25
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
22.54 cm3/mol   
11
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Radium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Thorium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.60 (-eV)   
99+
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
567.00 pm   
8
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.00 g/cm3   
37
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.07   
28
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K   
18
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
12.00 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol   
36
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
56.50 J/mol.K   
25
Not Available   
Periodic Table >>
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