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Californium vs Actinium

Californium
Actinium
Actinium vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
Ac   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7440348   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Not Available   
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Friedrich Oskar Giesel   
Discovery
In 1950   
In 1902   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
1,227.00 °C   
38
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
3,200.00 °C   
26
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
Ac   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.10   
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.00   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.90   
10
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
499.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,700.00 kJ/mol   
23
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
2.82 g/amp-hr   
18
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
89   
29
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Rn] 6d1 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
89   
29
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
138   
16
Number of Electrons
98   
20
89   
29
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
195.00 pm   
7
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
227.00 amu   
25
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
22.54 cm3/mol   
11
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Radium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Thorium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
38.60 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
567.00 pm   
8
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
10.00 g/cm3   
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
10.07   
28
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
27.20 J/mol·K   
18
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
12.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
301.00 kJ/mol   
36
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
56.50 J/mol.K   
25
Periodic Table >>
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