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Actinium vs Cobalt

Actinium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Actinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ac  
Co  
Group Number
3  
15
9  
9
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440348  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
Actinium glows in the dark due to its radioactivity.  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Friedrich Oskar Giesel  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1902  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
1,227.00 °C  
38
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
3,200.00 °C  
27
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
3,430.00 m/s  
32
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ac  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.10  
38
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.00  
37
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90  
10
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
33
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
21
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
25
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.82 g/amp-hr  
22
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.38 eV  
23
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
89  
29
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d1 7s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
89  
29
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
89  
29
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
195.00 pm  
9
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
215.00 pm  
31
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
227.00 amu  
25
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.54 cm3/mol  
20
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Radium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Thorium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.60 (-eV)  
99+
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
567.00 pm  
9
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89  
2
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.00 g/cm3  
40
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.07 g/cm3  
40
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
65.00 MPa  
33
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
94.00 GPa  
17
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
130.00 GPa  
16
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.07  
99+
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
5.20 nΩ·m  
99+
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.15 106/cm Ω  
13
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
33.20 kJ/mol  
34
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.00 W/m·K  
99+
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.20 kJ/mol  
28
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
56.50 J/mol.K  
33
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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