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Actinium vs Ruthenium

Actinium
Ruthenium
Ruthenium vs Actinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ac  
Ru  
Group Number
3  
15
8  
10
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440348  
99+
7440188  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
Actinium glows in the dark due to its radioactivity.  
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
Sources
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Friedrich Oskar Giesel  
Karl Ernst Claus  
Discovery
In 1902  
In 1844  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,227.00 °C  
38
2,250.00 °C  
8
Boiling Point
3,200.00 °C  
27
3,900.00 °C  
14
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
2,160.00 MPa  
3
Vickers Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
1,160.00 MPa  
14
Speed of Sound
3,430.00 m/s  
32
5,970.00 m/s  
7
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
6.00 %  
38
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ac  
Ru  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.10  
38
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.00  
37
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.54  
28
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90  
10
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
32
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.22 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,747.00 kJ/mol  
38
4th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
12
5th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
27
6th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
37
8th Energy Level
5,750.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
35
11th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
29
14th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
25
16th Energy Level
49,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
21
17th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
31
19th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
38
20th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.00 kJ/mol  
32
21st Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
25
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
23rd Energy Level
4,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
25th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
26th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
27th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
28th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
30
29th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
31
30th Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.00 kJ/mol  
25
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.82 g/amp-hr  
22
1.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.38 eV  
23
4.71 eV  
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
89  
29
44  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d1 7s2  
[Kr] 4d7 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100  
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
89  
29
44  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
57  
99+
Number of Electrons
89  
29
44  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
195.00 pm  
9
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
215.00 pm  
31
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
227.00 amu  
25
101.07 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.54 cm3/mol  
20
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Radium
  
Technetium
  
Next Element
Thorium
  
Rhodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.60 (-eV)  
99+
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
567.00 pm  
9
270.59 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89  
2
1.58  
33
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.00 g/cm3  
40
12.45 g/cm3  
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.07 g/cm3  
40
10.65 g/cm3  
37
Tensile Strength
65.00 MPa  
33
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
23
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
173.00 GPa  
4
Bulk Modulus
94.00 GPa  
17
220.00 GPa  
7
Young's Modulus
130.00 GPa  
16
447.00 GPa  
3
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.07  
99+
12.45  
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
5.20 nΩ·m  
99+
71.00 nΩ·m  
38
Electrical Conductivity
0.15 106/cm Ω  
13
0.14 106/cm Ω  
18
Electron Affinity
33.20 kJ/mol  
34
101.30 kJ/mol  
11
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
24
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.00 W/m·K  
99+
117.00 W/m·K  
13
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
2,607.00 K  
9
Thermal Expansion
12.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
567.80 kJ/mol  
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.20 kJ/mol  
28
25.50 kJ/mol  
7
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol  
99+
603.00 kJ/mol  
10
Standard Molar Entropy
56.50 J/mol.K  
33
28.50 J/mol.K  
99+
Periodic Table >>
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