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Actinium vs Yttrium

Actinium
Yttrium
Yttrium vs Actinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ac   
Y   
Group Number
Not Available   
3   
15
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440348   
99+
7440655   
25
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
Sources
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Friedrich Oskar Giesel   
Johan Gadolin   
Discovery
In 1902   
In 1794   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
7 * 10-7 %   
17
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
25
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
  
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
26
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,227.00 °C   
38
1,523.00 °C   
27
Boiling Point
3,200.00 °C   
26
3,337.00 °C   
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
589.00 MPa   
22
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,300.00 m/s   
23
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ac   
Y   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10   
99+
1.22   
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.65   
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.00   
36
1.11   
29
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.12   
38
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.90   
10
2.78   
16
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
499.00 kJ/mol   
99+
600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol   
23
5,847.00 kJ/mol   
10
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,430.00 kJ/mol   
14
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,970.00 kJ/mol   
17
7th Energy level
Not Available   
11,190.00 kJ/mol   
18
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
12,450.00 kJ/mol   
18
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,110.00 kJ/mol   
19
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,400.00 kJ/mol   
17
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,900.00 kJ/mol   
18
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,090.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.82 g/amp-hr   
18
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.10 eV   
35
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
89   
29
39   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d1 7s2   
[Kr] 4d1 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Actinium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
89   
29
39   
99+
Number of Neutrons
138   
16
50   
99+
Number of Electrons
89   
29
39   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
195.00 pm   
7
180.00 pm   
14
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
190.00 pm   
18
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
227.00 amu   
25
88.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.54 cm3/mol   
11
19.80 cm3/mol   
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Radium
  
Strontium
  
Next Element
Thorium
  
Zirconium
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.60 (-eV)   
99+
48.00 (-eV)   
30
Lattice Constant
567.00 pm   
8
364.74 pm   
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.00 g/cm3   
37
4.47 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
4.24 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
4.27 (Pa)   
10
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
25.60 GPa   
30
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
41.20 GPa   
30
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
63.50 GPa   
32
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.24   
26
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.07   
28
4.47   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
596.00 nΩ·m   
8
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
29.60 kJ/mol   
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K   
18
26.53 J/mol·K   
27
Thermal Conductivity
12.00 W/m·K   
99+
17.20 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
10.60 µm/(m·K)   
37
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
393.00 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
17.15 kJ/mol   
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol   
36
418.00 kJ/mol   
18
Standard Molar Entropy
56.50 J/mol.K   
25
44.40 J/mol.K   
33
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