1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.3 Block
1.4 Element Family
1.5 CAS Number
74403597440702
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
- Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
2.2 Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
Humphry Davy
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.6.1 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.007 %
1E-08
0.1
1.2.1 Abundance In Meteorites
2.5.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.8.1 Abundance In Oceans
2.10.1 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
-
In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-360.50 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.4.3 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.170,000.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
994.00 °C839.00 °C
27
3410
6.3 Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C1,484.00 °C
147
5660
6.4 Appearance
6.4.1 Physical State
6.4.2 Color
6.4.3 Luster
6.5 Hardness
6.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.1.2 Brinell Hardness
8.2.4 Vickers Hardness
8.5 Speed of Sound
9.3 Optical Properties
9.3.1 Refractive Index
9.5.2 Reflectivity
9.7 Allotropes
9.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.8.2 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10 Chemical
10.1 Chemical Formula
10.2 Isotopes
10.2.1 Known Isotopes
11.4 Electronegativity
11.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.6.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
12.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
12.3.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
12.3.8 Allen Electronegativity
12.6 Electropositivity
12.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
12.7 Ionization Energies
12.7.1 1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol589.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
12.8.2 2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol1,145.40 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
12.9.2 3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol4,912.40 kJ/mol
1600
34230
12.9.5 4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol6,491.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
12.9.8 5th Energy Level
NA8,153.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
12.9.11 6th Energy Level
NA10,496.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
12.9.13 7th Energy level
NA12,270.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
12.9.16 8th Energy Level
NA14,206.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
12.9.18 9th Energy Level
NA18,191.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
12.9.22 10th Energy Level
NA20,385.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
12.9.25 11th Energy Level
NA57,110.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
12.9.29 12th Energy Level
NA63,410.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
12.9.32 13th Energy Level
NA70,110.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
12.9.35 14th Energy Level
NA78,890.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
12.9.38 15th Energy Level
NA86,310.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
12.9.41 16th Energy Level
NA94,000.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
12.9.43 17th Energy Level
NA104,900.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
12.9.46 18th Energy Level
NA111,711.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
12.9.51 19th Energy Level
12.9.54 20th Energy Level
12.9.56 21st Energy Level
12.9.59 22nd Energy Level
12.9.61 23rd Energy Level
12.9.64 24th Energy Level
12.9.67 25th Energy Level
12.9.70 26th Energy Level
12.9.73 27th Energy Level
12.9.76 28th Energy Level
12.9.79 29th Energy Level
12.9.82 30th Energy Level
12.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr0.75 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.13 Electron Work Function
12.15 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
15.2 Electron Configuration
15.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
15.3.1 Crystal Lattice
15.4 Atom
15.4.1 Number of Protons
15.9.1 Number of Neutrons
15.10.3 Number of Electrons
15.11 Radius of an Atom
15.11.1 Atomic Radius
173.00 pm197.00 pm
112
265
15.11.4 Covalent Radius
180.00 pm176.00 pm
96
260
15.13.2 Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm231.00 pm
139
348
15.14 Atomic Weight
243.00 amu40.08 amu
6.94
294
15.15 Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol29.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
15.18 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
15.18.1 Previous Element
15.18.2 Next Element
15.19 Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)29.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
15.22 Lattice Constant
346.81 pm558.84 pm
228.58
891.25
15.27 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
15.28 Lattice C/A Ratio
16 Mechanical
16.1 Density
16.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm31.55 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
16.4.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.2 Tensile Strength
18.3 Viscosity
18.5 Vapor Pressure
18.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)25.50 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
18.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
18.9 Elasticity properties
18.9.1 Shear Modulus
18.11.2 Bulk Modulus
18.12.3 Young's Modulus
18.14 Poisson Ratio
18.15 Other Mechanical Properties
19 Magnetic
19.1 Magnetic Characteristics
19.1.1 Specific Gravity
19.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
19.2.2 Permeability
20.1.2 Susceptibility
20.2 Electrical Properties
20.2.1 Electrical Property
20.2.2 Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m33.60 nΩ·m
0.18
961
20.3.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.30 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
21.2.3 Electron Affinity
22 Thermal
22.1 Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)0.63 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
22.2 Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K25.93 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
22.4 Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K201.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
23.2 Critical Temperature
23.4 Thermal Expansion
23.6 Enthalpy
23.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA150.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
24.3.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol8.54 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
24.5.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol184.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
24.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA41.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1