Symbol
Am
Ca
Group Number
102
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
74
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Actinide
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
74403597440702
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00225.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
- Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1944
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.01 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.01 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %1.10 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %5.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
-0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %1.40 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
-
In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
-
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
-
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-360.50 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.170,000.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
994.00 °C839.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C1,484.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
-
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.001.75
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa170.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa170.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,750.00 m/s3,810.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.301.54
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
64.00 %60.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Am
Ca
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
1619
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.301.00
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.300.95
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.201.04
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.301.08
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.301.03
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.703.00
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol589.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol1,145.40 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol4,912.40 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol6,491.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol8,153.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol10,496.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,780.00 kJ/mol12,270.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol14,206.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol18,191.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol20,385.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol57,110.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol63,410.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol70,110.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol78,890.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol86,310.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
57,800.00 kJ/mol94,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol104,900.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol111,711.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol590.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol590.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol590.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol590.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr0.75 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV2.87 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Number
9520
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
9520
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
14820
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
9520
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm197.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm176.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm231.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu40.08 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol29.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)29.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm558.84 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.581.55
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm31.55 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.67 g/cm31.38 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa20.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)25.50 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa7.40 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
44.00 GPa17.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
58.00 GPa20.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.300.31
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.674.58
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
-
Conductor
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m33.60 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.30 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
63.90 kJ/mol2.37 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)0.63 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K25.93 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K201.00 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,449.00 K1,115.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
13.60 µm/(m·K)22.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
161.00 kJ/mol150.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol8.54 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol184.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
63.10 J/mol.K41.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻