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Americium Cobalt Comparison


Cobalt Americium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Am   
Co   

Group Number
Not Available   
9   
9

Period Number
7   
4   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440359   
99+
7440484   
38

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  

Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons   
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso   
Georg Brandt   

Discovery
In 1944   
In 1732   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
3 * 10-4 %   
9

Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0004 %   
9

Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.06 %   
10

Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
21

Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
20

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
17

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  

Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   

Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3   
18

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.04 p.p.m.   
27

Physical Properties

Melting Point
994.00 °C   
99+
1,495.00 °C   
29

Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C   
99+
2,870.00 °C   
34

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Gray   

Luster
NA   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
5.00   
8

Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
470.00 MPa   
26

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,043.00 MPa   
11

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,720.00 m/s   
14

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11

Allotropes
No   
Yes   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-Cobalt   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-Cobalt   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Am   
Co   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
16   
23
26   
13

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.88   
12

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.56   
1

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.70   
5

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.84   
10

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.12   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol   
99+
760.40 kJ/mol   
19

2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol   
31

3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol   
22

4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol   
19

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,670.00 kJ/mol   
12

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,840.00 kJ/mol   
12

7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,440.00 kJ/mol   
11

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,230.00 kJ/mol   
12

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,959.00 kJ/mol   
13

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,570.00 kJ/mol   
7

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,400.00 kJ/mol   
8

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,400.00 kJ/mol   
8

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
36,600.00 kJ/mol   
8

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
39,700.00 kJ/mol   
9

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,800.00 kJ/mol   
12

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
49,396.00 kJ/mol   
11

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,737.00 kJ/mol   
13

18th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,810.00 kJ/mol   
1

19th Energy Level
Not Available   
145,170.00 kJ/mol   
2

20th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,700.00 kJ/mol   
4

21st Energy Level
Not Available   
167,400.00 kJ/mol   
4

22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
178,100.00 kJ/mol   
3

23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
189,300.00 kJ/mol   
3

Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr   
17
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.00 eV   
5

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
95   
23
22   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2   
[Ar] 3d2 4s2   

Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
95   
23
22   
99+

Number of Neutrons
148   
12
26   
99+

Number of Electrons
95   
23
22   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
173.00 pm   
21
147.00 pm   
34

Covalent Radius
180.00 pm   
21
160.00 pm   
30

Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm   
10
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
243.00 amu   
20
47.87 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol   
29
10.64 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Iron
  

Next Element
Curium
  
Nickel
  

Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)   
40
95.20 (-eV)   
10

Lattice Constant
346.81 pm   
99+
295.08 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3   
30
4.51 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
4.11 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
434.00 MPa   
9

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
13
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.98 (Pa)   
14

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
Not Available   
44.00 GPa   
17

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
110.00 GPa   
15

Young's Modulus
Not Available   
116.00 GPa   
18

Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.32   
12

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
13.67   
15
4,500.00   
1

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Unknown   
Poor Conductor   

Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m   
99+
420.00 nΩ·m   
12

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
Not Available   
7.60 kJ/mol   
37

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)   
99+
0.52 J/(kg K)   
9

Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K   
1
25.06 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
21.90 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
8.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
429.00 kJ/mol   
15

Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol   
24
15.48 kJ/mol   
19

Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol   
40
468.60 kJ/mol   
15

Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+

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