1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.8 Block
1.9 Element Family
1.10 CAS Number
74403597440542
7429905
54386242
1.13 Space Group Name
1.14 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
- Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
2.2 Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.5.1 Abundance In Meteorites
1.3.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.6.2 Abundance In Oceans
1.8.1 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
-
In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.2.1 Medical Uses
3.2.2 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
3.4 Biological Properties
3.4.1 Toxicity
3.4.2 Present in Human Body
3.4.4 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
3.7.1 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
994.00 °C1,311.00 °C
27
3410
5.5 Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C3,233.00 °C
147
5660
5.6 Appearance
5.6.1 Physical State
5.6.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
5.6.3 Luster
5.7 Hardness
5.7.1 Mohs Hardness
6.2.4 Brinell Hardness
6.2.7 Vickers Hardness
7.3 Speed of Sound
8.2 Optical Properties
8.2.1 Refractive Index
10.0.4 Reflectivity
10.3 Allotropes
10.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
11.5 Electronegativity
11.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
12.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
12.6.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
12.7.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
12.8.4 Allen Electronegativity
12.10 Electropositivity
12.10.1 Pauling Electropositivity
12.11 Ionization Energies
12.11.1 1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol593.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
12.12.4 2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol1,170.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
13.1.1 3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol1,990.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
13.2.2 4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol4,250.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
13.5.2 5th Energy Level
13.6.2 6th Energy Level
14.2.2 7th Energy level
15.2.3 8th Energy Level
15.3.3 9th Energy Level
15.4.2 10th Energy Level
15.4.5 11th Energy Level
15.5.3 12th Energy Level
15.6.2 13th Energy Level
15.6.6 14th Energy Level
15.7.4 15th Energy Level
15.8.2 16th Energy Level
15.8.5 17th Energy Level
15.9.2 18th Energy Level
15.10.3 19th Energy Level
15.10.7 20th Energy Level
15.10.11 21st Energy Level
15.10.12 22nd Energy Level
15.10.16 23rd Energy Level
15.10.20 24th Energy Level
15.10.21 25th Energy Level
15.10.26 26th Energy Level
15.10.28 27th Energy Level
15.10.32 28th Energy Level
15.10.34 29th Energy Level
15.10.38 30th Energy Level
15.11 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr1.96 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
15.12 Electron Work Function
15.13 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
16 Atomic
16.1 Atomic Number
16.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
16.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
16.3.1 Crystal Lattice
16.4 Atom
16.4.1 Number of Protons
16.4.4 Number of Neutrons
16.4.9 Number of Electrons
16.5 Radius of an Atom
16.5.1 Atomic Radius
173.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
16.5.5 Covalent Radius
180.00 pm196.00 pm
96
260
16.5.7 Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm237.00 pm
139
348
16.6 Atomic Weight
243.00 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
16.7 Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol19.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
16.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.8.1 Previous Element
16.8.2 Next Element
16.9 Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)46.10 (-eV)
8
392.42
16.10 Lattice Constant
346.81 pm363.60 pm
228.58
891.25
16.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
16.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm37.90 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
17.1.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.2 Tensile Strength
17.3 Viscosity
17.5 Vapor Pressure
17.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
17.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
17.7 Elasticity properties
17.7.1 Shear Modulus
18.1.3 Bulk Modulus
18.4.2 Young's Modulus
18.5 Poisson Ratio
18.6 Other Mechanical Properties
19 Magnetic
19.1 Magnetic Characteristics
19.1.1 Specific Gravity
19.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
19.2.3 Permeability
19.2.5 Susceptibility
19.4 Electrical Properties
19.4.1 Electrical Property
19.4.2 Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m1.31 nΩ·m
0.18
961
19.5.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
19.6.1 Electron Affinity
21 Thermal
21.1 Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
21.3 Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K37.03 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
21.5 Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K10.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
21.11 Critical Temperature
22.3 Thermal Expansion
22.6 Enthalpy
22.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA359.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
23.4.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol10.05 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
23.4.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol352.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
23.5 Standard Molar Entropy
NA68.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1