Symbol
Am
  
Tm
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Period Number
7
  
6
  
Block
f block
  
f block
  
Element Family
Actinide
  
Lanthanide
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
- Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
  
Per Teodor Cleve
  
Discovery
In 1944
  
In 1879
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
  
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
  
~0.00000002 %
  
28
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
  
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
-
In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
  
Industrial Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic
  
Unknown
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
No
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
37
Not Available
  
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
  
36
Not Available
  
Melting Point
1,545.00 °C
  
23
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C
  
99+
1,730.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery Gray
  
Luster
NA
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Am
  
Tm
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
596.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,160.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,285.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4,120.00 kJ/mol
  
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr
  
17
2.10 g/amp-hr
  
26
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
  
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Thulium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
  
Atomic Weight
168.93 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol
  
29
18.10 cm3/mol
  
28
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)
  
40
49.70 (-eV)
  
28
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3
  
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Young's Modulus
Not Available
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown
  
Conductor
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available
  
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)
  
99+
0.16 J/(kg K)
  
35
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K
  
1
27.03 J/mol·K
  
22
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K
  
99+
16.90 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
  
13.30 µm/(m·K)
  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
  
191.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol
  
24
16.80 kJ/mol
  
17
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol
  
40
247.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
  
74.00 J/mol.K
  
9