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Americium vs Cesium

Americium
Cesium
Cesium vs Americium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am  
Cs  
Group Number
Not Available  
1  
17
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440359  
99+
7440462  
40
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
Not Available  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso  
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Discovery
In 1944  
In 1860  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
8 * 10-8 %  
24
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.0000008 %  
20
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available  
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Mildly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
28
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
0.05 p.p.m.  
26
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C  
99+
28.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C  
99+
678.40 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Gold  
Luster
NA  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
0.20  
25
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
0.14 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am  
Cs  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
32
0.79  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.22  
33
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
27
0.86  
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.62  
26
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
0.66  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
3.21  
2
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,234.30 kJ/mol  
8
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr  
17
4.96 g/amp-hr  
3
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
2.14 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95  
23
55  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2  
[Xe] 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95  
23
55  
99+
Number of Neutrons
148  
12
78  
99+
Number of Electrons
95  
23
55  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm  
21
265.00 pm  
1
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
21
244.00 pm  
2
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
10
343.00 pm  
2
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu  
20
132.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol  
29
71.07 cm3/mol  
1
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Tin
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Barium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)  
40
8.62 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm  
99+
614.10 pm  
5
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3  
30
1.93 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available  
1.84 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
13
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
1.60 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
1.70 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67  
15
1.87  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m  
99+
205.00 nΩ·m  
17
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω  
35
Electron Affinity
Not Available  
45.50 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K  
1
32.21 J/mol·K  
4
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
35.90 W/m·K  
36
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
1,938.00 K  
5
Thermal Expansion
Not Available  
97.00 µm/(m·K)  
1
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available  
65.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol  
24
2.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol  
40
78.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available  
85.20 J/mol.K  
3
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