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Cesium vs Americium

Cesium
Americium
Americium vs Cesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs  
Am  
Group Number
1  
17
Not Available  
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440462  
40
7440359  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
1
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available  
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso  
Discovery
In 1860  
In 1944  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %  
24
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %  
20
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
35
Not Available  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
17
Not Available  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
17
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
NA  
Medical Uses
NA  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
28
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.  
26
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
28.50 °C  
99+
994.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
678.40 °C  
99+
2,607.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gold  
Silvery White  
Luster
NA  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.20  
25
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa  
99+
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cs  
Am  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79  
99+
1.30  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22  
33
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86  
99+
1.20  
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62  
26
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
0.66  
99+
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21  
2
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol  
8
1,158.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
2,132.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
3,493.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr  
3
3.02 g/amp-hr  
17
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV  
99+
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
55  
99+
95  
23
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1  
[Rn] 5f7 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
55  
99+
95  
23
Number of Neutrons
78  
99+
148  
12
Number of Electrons
55  
99+
95  
23
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm  
1
173.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm  
2
180.00 pm  
21
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm  
2
244.00 pm  
10
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu  
99+
243.00 amu  
20
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol  
1
17.86 cm3/mol  
29
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tin
  
Plutonium
  
Next Element
Barium
  
Curium
  
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)  
99+
44.00 (-eV)  
40
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm  
5
346.81 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3  
99+
12.00 g/cm3  
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3  
99+
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa  
99+
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.87  
99+
13.67  
15
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Unknown  
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m  
17
0.69 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
35
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol  
25
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
0.11 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K  
4
62.70 J/mol·K  
1
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K  
36
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K  
5
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)  
1
Not Available  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol  
99+
14.39 kJ/mol  
24
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol  
99+
268.00 kJ/mol  
40
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K  
3
Not Available  
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