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Americium vs Nickel

Americium
Nickel
Nickel vs Americium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am   
Ni   
Group Number
Not Available   
10   
8
Period Number
7   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440359   
99+
7440020   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso   
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt   
Discovery
In 1944   
In 1751   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-3 %   
4
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.008 %   
3
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
1.30 %   
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.01 %   
15
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
17
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C   
99+
1,453.00 °C   
31
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C   
99+
2,732.00 °C   
38
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
4.00   
10
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
667.00 MPa   
18
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
638.00 MPa   
16
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,900.00 m/s   
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
72.00 %   
9
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am   
Ni   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16   
23
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.91   
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.94   
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.75   
3
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.88   
6
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.09   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol   
99+
737.10 kJ/mol   
25
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol   
25
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,395.00 kJ/mol   
17
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,300.00 kJ/mol   
15
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,339.00 kJ/mol   
15
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,600.00 kJ/mol   
10
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,670.00 kJ/mol   
14
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
30,970.00 kJ/mol   
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,100.00 kJ/mol   
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,500.00 kJ/mol   
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,800.00 kJ/mol   
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
48,100.00 kJ/mol   
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,101.00 kJ/mol   
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
58,570.00 kJ/mol   
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
159,000.00 kJ/mol   
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
169,400.00 kJ/mol   
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
182,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
194,000.00 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr   
17
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.15 eV   
2
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95   
23
28   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2   
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95   
23
28   
99+
Number of Neutrons
148   
12
31   
99+
Number of Electrons
95   
23
28   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm   
21
124.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm   
21
124.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm   
10
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu   
20
58.69 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol   
29
6.59 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)   
40
42.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm   
99+
352.40 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3   
30
8.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
7.81 g/cm3   
29
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
345.00 MPa   
11
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
13
0.00 (Pa)   
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
19.50 (Pa)   
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
76.00 GPa   
12
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
200.00 GPa   
11
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67   
15
8.90   
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
2
Susceptibility
Not Available   
600.00   
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m   
99+
69.30 nΩ·m   
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω   
13
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
112.00 kJ/mol   
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)   
99+
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K   
1
26.07 J/mol·K   
31
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
90.90 W/m·K   
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
371.80 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol   
24
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol   
40
422.60 kJ/mol   
17
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
29.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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