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Nickel vs Nobelium

Nickel
Nobelium
Nobelium vs Nickel


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ni  
No  
Group Number
10  
8
3  
15
Period Number
4  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440020  
99+
10028145  
16
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
  • The most stable isotope of Nobelium metal is No-259.
  • No-259 has a half-life of fifty-eight minutes.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Bombarding Curium-246 or Curium-249 with Carbon-12 Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1751  
In 1966  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.01 %  
5
-  
Abundance In Sun
0.01 %  
3
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %  
3
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
15
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
13
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
17
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
  • Currently known uses of Nobelium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C  
31
827.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C  
40
2,600.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
-  
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa  
20
500.00 MPa  
28
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa  
24
500.00 MPa  
35
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s  
16
1,100.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.68  
28
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ni  
No  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91  
11
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94  
12
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.91  
12
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.88  
9
1.10  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
642.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
1,254.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
2,643.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
3,956.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
35
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
6,420.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
641.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
3,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
917.00 kJ/mol  
34
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
627.00 kJ/mol  
36
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
6,410.00 kJ/mol  
12
24th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
627.00 kJ/mol  
39
25th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
601.20 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
641.00 kJ/mol  
37
28th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
641.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
641.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
4.83 g/amp-hr  
4
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV  
6
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
28  
99+
102  
16
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
[Rn] 5f14 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Nobelium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
28  
99+
102  
16
Number of Neutrons
31  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
28  
99+
102  
16
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm  
99+
176.00 pm  
20
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm  
99+
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
246.00 pm  
12
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu  
99+
259.00 amu  
13
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
19.80 cm3/mol  
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cobalt
  
Mendelevium
  
Next Element
Copper
  
Lawrencium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
26.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.76  
5
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
9.90 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
9.90 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa  
13
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
8
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)  
6
0.00 (Pa)  
28
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa  
12
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
8.70 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa  
12
12.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.90  
99+
9.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
2
0.00 H/m  
3
Susceptibility
600.00  
2
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
0.68 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K  
18
0.10 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,728.00 K  
35
1,100.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
-  
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
390.40 kJ/mol  
30
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
63.00 J/mol.K  
24
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