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Americium vs Palladium

Americium
Palladium
Palladium vs Americium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am  
Pd  
Group Number
Not Available  
10  
8
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440359  
99+
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1944  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available  
2 * 10-7 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %  
~0.0000003 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available  
0.00 %  
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
NA  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
Not Available  
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
994.00 °C  
99+
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C  
99+
2,963.00 °C  
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
Not Available  
320.00 MPa  
33
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
121.00 MPa  
36
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
3,070.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available  
1.72  
1
Reflectivity
Not Available  
84.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Am  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
32
2.20  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
27
1.35  
21
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.59  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr  
17
1.99 g/amp-hr  
30
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
5.12 eV  
3
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
95  
23
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95  
23
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
148  
12
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
95  
23
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm  
21
137.00 pm  
40
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
21
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
10
163.00 pm  
40
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu  
20
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol  
29
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)  
40
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm  
99+
389.07 pm  
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3  
30
12.02 g/cm3  
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available  
10.38 g/cm3  
17
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
13
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available  
121.00 GPa  
16
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67  
15
12.02  
21
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m  
99+
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
22
Electron Affinity
Not Available  
54.23 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K  
1
25.98 J/mol·K  
33
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
Not Available  
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available  
376.60 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol  
24
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol  
40
393.30 kJ/mol  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available  
37.60 J/mol.K  
40
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