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Palladium vs Nobelium

Palladium
Nobelium
Nobelium vs Palladium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd  
No  
Group Number
10  
8
Not Available  
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440053  
99+
10028145  
16
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Not Available  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
Not Available  
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
  • The most stable isotope of Nobelium metal is No-259.
  • No-259 has a half-life of fifty-eight minutes.
  
Sources
Ores of metals  
Bombarding Curium-246 or Curium-249 with Carbon-12 Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1966  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %  
22
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %  
24
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • Currently known uses of Nobelium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
NA  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
NA  
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Unknown  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
Not Available  
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
Not Available  
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C  
22
827.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C  
33
Not Available  
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Unknown  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75  
9
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
33
Not Available  
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa  
36
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s  
26
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72  
1
Not Available  
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
4
Not Available  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pd  
No  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38  
1
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
4
1.30  
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35  
21
1.20  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
22
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
642.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
1,254.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
2,643.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
3,956.00 kJ/mol  
39
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr  
30
4.83 g/amp-hr  
4
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV  
3
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
46  
99+
102  
16
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10  
[Rn] 5f14 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Nobelium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46  
99+
102  
16
Number of Neutrons
60  
99+
157  
7
Number of Electrons
46  
99+
102  
16
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
40
Not Available  
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
Not Available  
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
40
246.00 pm  
8
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu  
99+
259.00 amu  
13
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Not Available  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Mendelevium
  
Next Element
Silver
  
Lawrencium
  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
26.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm  
25
Not Available  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
NA  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3  
29
Not Available  
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3  
17
Not Available  
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa  
16
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Unknown  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02  
21
Not Available  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Unknown  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Unknown  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Not Available  
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
22
Not Available  
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol  
17
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Not Available  
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K  
33
Not Available  
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Not Available  
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
33
Not Available  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol  
19
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol  
22
Not Available  
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K  
40
Not Available  
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