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Palladium vs Nobelium

Palladium
Nobelium
Nobelium vs Palladium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd  
No  
Group Number
10  
8
3  
15
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440053  
99+
10028145  
16
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
  • The most stable isotope of Nobelium metal is No-259.
  • No-259 has a half-life of fifty-eight minutes.
  
Sources
Ores of metals  
Bombarding Curium-246 or Curium-249 with Carbon-12 Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1966  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
-  
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
24
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • Currently known uses of Nobelium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C  
22
827.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C  
34
2,600.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75  
9
-  
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
500.00 MPa  
28
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa  
99+
500.00 MPa  
35
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s  
38
1,100.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72  
25
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pd  
No  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38  
1
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35  
22
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
1.10  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
642.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
1,254.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
2,643.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,956.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
35
6th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
6,420.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
13th Energy Level
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
14th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
15th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
16th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
641.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
3,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
917.00 kJ/mol  
34
22nd Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
627.00 kJ/mol  
36
23rd Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
6,410.00 kJ/mol  
12
24th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
627.00 kJ/mol  
39
25th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
601.20 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
641.00 kJ/mol  
37
28th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
641.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
641.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
4.83 g/amp-hr  
4
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV  
7
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
46  
99+
102  
16
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10  
[Rn] 5f14 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Nobelium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46  
99+
102  
16
Number of Neutrons
60  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
46  
99+
102  
16
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
176.00 pm  
20
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
246.00 pm  
12
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu  
99+
259.00 amu  
13
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
19.80 cm3/mol  
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Mendelevium
  
Next Element
Silver
  
Lawrencium
  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
26.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm  
28
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.76  
5
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3  
31
9.90 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3  
38
9.90 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
550.00 MPa  
8
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
14
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
28
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
8.70 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa  
18
12.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02  
33
9.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
3
Susceptibility
0.00  
27
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
0.68 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K  
23
0.10 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,825.00 K  
26
1,100.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
-  
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
390.40 kJ/mol  
30
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
63.00 J/mol.K  
24
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