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Palladium vs Platinum

Palladium
Platinum
Platinum vs Palladium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd  
Pt  
Group Number
10  
8
10  
8
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440053  
99+
7440064  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
Sources
Ores of metals  
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Antonio de Ulloa  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1735  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C  
22
1,772.00 °C  
16
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C  
34
3,827.00 °C  
15
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75  
9
3.50  
12
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
300.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s  
38
2,800.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72  
25
2.41  
6
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pd  
Pt  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38  
1
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
2.28  
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.28  
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35  
22
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
1.72  
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
1,791.00 kJ/mol  
22
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
2,277.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
6
5th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
9
6th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
27
7th Energy level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
8th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
9th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,660.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
11th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
12th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
14th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
16th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
870.00 kJ/mol  
27
18th Energy Level
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
19th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
870.00 kJ/mol  
25
20th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
21st Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
38
22nd Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
870.00 kJ/mol  
13
23rd Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
870.10 kJ/mol  
39
24th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
870.00 kJ/mol  
9
25th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
26th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
27th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
870.10 kJ/mol  
6
28th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
870.10 kJ/mol  
9
29th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
30th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
1.82 g/amp-hr  
39
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV  
7
5.65 eV  
4
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
46  
99+
78  
38
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10  
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46  
99+
78  
38
Number of Neutrons
60  
99+
117  
25
Number of Electrons
46  
99+
78  
38
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
136.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
175.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
9.09 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Iridium
  
Next Element
Silver
  
Gold
  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
392.42 (-eV)  
1
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm  
28
392.42 pm  
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3  
31
21.45 g/cm3  
11
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3  
38
19.77 g/cm3  
12
Tensile Strength
550.00 MPa  
8
125.00 MPa  
26
Viscosity
0.00  
14
0.00  
16
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.07 (Pa)  
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
61.00 GPa  
14
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
230.00 GPa  
6
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa  
18
168.00 GPa  
15
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.38  
6
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02  
33
21.45  
13
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
14
Susceptibility
0.00  
27
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
105.00 nΩ·m  
30
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
0.10 106/cm Ω  
26
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
205.30 kJ/mol  
2
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K  
23
71.60 W/m·K  
24
Critical Temperature
1,825.00 K  
26
2,041.00 K  
19
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
510.50 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
19.70 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
565.00 kJ/mol  
15
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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