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Platinum vs Palladium

Platinum
Palladium
Palladium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt   
Pd   
Group Number
10   
8
10   
8
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440064   
99+
7440053   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1735   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.0000003 %   
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
25
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C   
16
1,554.90 °C   
22
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C   
15
2,963.00 °C   
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50   
11
4.75   
9
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa   
34
320.00 MPa   
33
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
121.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s   
29
3,070.00 m/s   
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.72   
1
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt   
Pd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
38   
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
2.20   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.35   
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.72   
16
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV   
1
5.12 eV   
3
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78   
38
46   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
[Kr] 4d10   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78   
38
46   
99+
Number of Neutrons
117   
24
60   
99+
Number of Electrons
78   
38
46   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
137.00 pm   
40
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm   
36
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
106.42 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)   
1
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm   
24
389.07 pm   
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3   
11
12.02 g/cm3   
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3   
2
10.38 g/cm3   
17
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)   
18
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa   
14
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa   
14
121.00 GPa   
16
Poisson Ratio
0.38   
6
0.39   
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45   
4
12.02   
21
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K   
24
71.80 W/m·K   
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
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