Platinum Palladium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt
Pd
Group Number
10
8
10
8
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440064
99+
7440053
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
- Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
In 1735
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.0000003 %
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
25
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
- Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C
16
1,554.90 °C
22
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C
15
2,963.00 °C
33
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.50
11
4.75
9
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa
34
320.00 MPa
33
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa
25
121.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s
29
3,070.00 m/s
26
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.72
1
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt
Pd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
38
1
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28
3
2.20
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.35
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.72
16
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72
99+
1.80
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol
10
520.23 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol
21
7,298.22 kJ/mol
2
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
11,815.13 kJ/mol
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr
35
1.99 g/amp-hr
30
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV
1
5.12 eV
3
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78
38
46
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
[Kr] 4d10
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
78
38
46
99+
Number of Neutrons
117
24
60
99+
Number of Electrons
78
38
46
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm
39
137.00 pm
40
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm
36
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
106.42 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol
99+
8.90 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)
1
33.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm
24
389.07 pm
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3
11
12.02 g/cm3
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3
2
10.38 g/cm3
17
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa
14
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)
18
0.00 (Pa)
30
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa
14
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa
6
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa
14
121.00 GPa
16
Poisson Ratio
0.38
6
0.39
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.45
4
12.02
21
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m
30
105.40 nΩ·m
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
21
0.10 106/cm Ω
22
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol
2
54.23 kJ/mol
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
25.98 J/mol·K
33
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K
24
71.80 W/m·K
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol
11
376.60 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol
12
16.74 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol
11
393.30 kJ/mol
22
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
37.60 J/mol.K
40
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