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Platinum vs Copper

Platinum
Copper
Copper vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt  
Cu  
Group Number
10  
8
11  
7
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440064  
99+
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa  
-  
Discovery
In 1735  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
25
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C  
16
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C  
15
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Copper  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50  
12
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s  
99+
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.41  
6
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pt  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.72  
19
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
2,277.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
6
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
9
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
27
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
5,660.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
27
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
25
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
38
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
13
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
39
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
9
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
6
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
9
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr  
39
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV  
4
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
78  
38
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78  
38
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
117  
25
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
78  
38
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)  
1
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm  
27
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3  
11
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3  
12
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
16
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)  
18
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa  
14
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa  
15
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45  
13
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
14
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m  
30
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
26
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol  
2
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K  
24
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
2,041.00 K  
19
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol  
15
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol  
12
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol  
15
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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