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Americium vs Silver

Americium
Silver
Silver vs Americium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Am  
Ag  
Group Number
10  
8
11  
7
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440359  
99+
7440224  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
Sources
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso  
-  
Discovery
In 1944  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
Physical
Melting Point
994.00 °C  
99+
961.93 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,607.00 °C  
99+
2,212.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
251.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
229.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,750.00 m/s  
99+
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
0.16  
99+
Reflectivity
64.00 %  
19
97.00 %  
1
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Am  
Ag  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.93  
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.83  
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.47  
28
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.87  
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.07  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
2nd Energy Level
1,158.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
3rd Energy Level
2,132.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
4th Energy Level
3,493.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
5th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
6th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
7th Energy level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
8th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
9th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
10th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
11th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
12th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
14th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
16th Energy Level
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
17th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
18th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
19th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
21st Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
22
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
23rd Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
23
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
25th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
26th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
27th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
28th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
29th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
30th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.02 g/amp-hr  
20
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
4.26 eV  
27
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
95  
23
47  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
95  
23
47  
99+
Number of Neutrons
148  
13
61  
99+
Number of Electrons
95  
23
47  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
173.00 pm  
23
144.00 pm  
38
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
172.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
243.00 amu  
20
107.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.86 cm3/mol  
99+
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Plutonium
  
Palladium
  
Next Element
Curium
  
Cadmium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.00 (-eV)  
99+
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
346.81 pm  
99+
408.53 pm  
23
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.59  
26
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.00 g/cm3  
32
10.49 g/cm3  
37
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.67 g/cm3  
26
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
170.00 MPa  
21
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
13
0.00 (Pa)  
14
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa  
36
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
44.00 GPa  
32
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
58.00 GPa  
36
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.67  
26
10.50  
39
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
32
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.69 nΩ·m  
99+
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
Electron Affinity
63.90 kJ/mol  
18
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.11 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
Molar Heat Capacity
62.70 J/mol·K  
1
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
429.00 W/m·K  
1
Critical Temperature
1,449.00 K  
99+
1,235.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.60 µm/(m·K)  
32
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
161.00 kJ/mol  
99+
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.39 kJ/mol  
27
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
Enthalpy of Atomization
268.00 kJ/mol  
99+
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
63.10 J/mol.K  
23
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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