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Berkelium Promethium Comparison

Berkelium
Promethium
Promethium Berkelium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk   
Pm   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440406   
99+
7440122   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Discovery
In 1949   
In 1942   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C   
99+
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C   
40
3,000.00 °C   
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Unknown   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14   
25
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.07   
32
Allen Electronegativity
2.70   
1
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97   
21
61   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97   
21
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
84   
40
Number of Electrons
97   
21
61   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
236.00 pm   
16
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu   
18
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)   
36
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3   
22
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3   
11
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00   
14
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
Summary >>
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