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Promethium vs Protactinium

Promethium
Protactinium
Protactinium vs Promethium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm   
Pa   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440122   
99+
7440133   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
I4/mmm   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
139.00   
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
William Crookes   
Discovery
In 1942   
In 1900   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
1,568.00 °C   
21
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
4,027.00 °C   
12
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm   
Pa   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.50   
27
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.14   
28
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.50   
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
568.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,814.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
2,991.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
1.72 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61   
99+
91   
27
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61   
99+
91   
27
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
122   
21
Number of Electrons
61   
99+
91   
27
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
163.00 pm   
25
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
200.00 pm   
11
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
243.00 pm   
11
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
231.04 amu   
24
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Thorium
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Uranium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
92.00 (-eV)   
11
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
392.50 pm   
23
Lattice Angles
Unknown   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
15.37 g/cm3   
20
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Unknown   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
15.37   
12
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
177.00 nΩ·m   
21
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.05 106/cm Ω   
34
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
47.00 W/m·K   
32
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
12.34 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
198.10 J/mol.K   
1
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