Promethium vs Lutetium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm
Lu
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440122
99+
7439943
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
Not Available
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Discovery
In 1942
In 1906
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
1 * 10-8 %
30
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
Industrial Uses
NA
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C
99+
1,652.00 °C
19
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C
31
3,402.00 °C
19
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Unknown
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
893.00 MPa
10
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,160.00 MPa
8
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm
Lu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.27
34
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.14
28
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.73
20
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
523.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,340.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,022.30 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,445.00 kJ/mol
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
2.18 g/amp-hr
23
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.30 eV
33
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61
99+
71
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
61
99+
71
99+
Number of Neutrons
84
40
104
30
Number of Electrons
61
99+
71
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm
10
174.00 pm
20
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm
12
187.00 pm
20
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm
16
221.00 pm
22
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu
99+
174.97 amu
40
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol
12
17.78 cm3/mol
30
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)
39
50.90 (-eV)
26
Lattice Constant
Not Available
350.31 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
Unknown
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
10
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3
99+
9.84 g/cm3
38
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
9.30 g/cm3
22
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
3.18 (Pa)
11
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
27.20 GPa
26
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa
36
47.60 GPa
23
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa
38
68.60 GPa
30
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.26
21
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.26
99+
9.84
29
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
582.00 nΩ·m
9
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
26.86 J/mol·K
24
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K
99+
16.40 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
355.90 kJ/mol
22
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
18.70 kJ/mol
13
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol
34
398.00 kJ/mol
20
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
51.00 J/mol.K
30
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