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Lutetium vs Promethium

Lutetium
Promethium
Promethium vs Lutetium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu   
Pm   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7439943   
99+
7440122   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
  • Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Discovery
In 1906   
In 1942   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %   
30
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C   
19
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C   
19
3,000.00 °C   
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa   
10
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa   
8
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lu   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27   
34
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14   
28
1.07   
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73   
20
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol   
99+
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol   
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr   
23
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV   
33
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
71   
99+
61   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
71   
99+
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
104   
30
84   
40
Number of Electrons
71   
99+
61   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm   
20
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm   
22
236.00 pm   
16
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu   
40
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol   
30
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ytterbium
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Hafnium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)   
26
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
10
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3   
38
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3   
22
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
33
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)   
11
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa   
26
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa   
23
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa   
30
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
21
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.84   
29
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m   
9
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K   
24
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K   
99+
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol   
22
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol   
13
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol   
20
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K   
30
Not Available   
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