Berkelium Tungsten Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk
W
Group Number
Not Available
6
12
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440406
99+
7440337
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
- Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Not Available
Discovery
In 1949
In 1781
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
5 * 10-8 %
27
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
39
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
39
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Unknown
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.00 p.p.m.
35
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C
99+
3,410.00 °C
1
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C
40
5,660.00 °C
1
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Grayish White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
7.50
2
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
2,000.00 MPa
4
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
3,430.00 MPa
1
Speed of Sound
Not Available
4,620.00 m/s
16
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
62.00 %
13
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk
W
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
14
25
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
2.36
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.98
23
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.40
19
Allen Electronegativity
2.70
1
1.47
29
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
1.64
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol
99+
770.00 kJ/mol
16
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,700.00 kJ/mol
29
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr
16
1.14 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.55 eV
13
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97
21
74
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
97
21
74
99+
Number of Neutrons
150
11
110
27
Number of Electrons
97
21
74
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm
22
139.00 pm
39
Covalent Radius
Not Available
162.00 pm
29
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu
18
183.84 amu
37
Atomic Volume
Not Available
9.53 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)
36
140.00 (-eV)
5
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm
99+
316.52 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3
22
19.25 g/cm3
16
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3
11
17.60 g/cm3
5
Tensile Strength
Not Available
370.00 MPa
10
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
32
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
161.00 GPa
5
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
310.00 GPa
4
Young's Modulus
Not Available
411.00 GPa
4
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.28
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
14.00
14
19.22
9
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
Not Available
52.80 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.19 106/cm Ω
10
Electron Affinity
Not Available
78.60 kJ/mol
13
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
24.27 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K
99+
173.00 W/m·K
7
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
4.50 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
799.10 kJ/mol
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
35.23 kJ/mol
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
837.00 kJ/mol
1
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
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