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Berkelium vs Tungsten

Berkelium
Tungsten
Tungsten vs Berkelium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk  
W  
Group Number
14  
4
6  
12
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440406  
99+
7440337  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
-  
Discovery
In 1949  
In 1781  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
Physical
Melting Point
986.00 °C  
99+
3,410.00 °C  
1
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C  
99+
5,660.00 °C  
1
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
7.50  
2
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
2,000.00 MPa  
4
Vickers Hardness
1,070.00 MPa  
16
3,430.00 MPa  
3
Speed of Sound
2,560.00 m/s  
99+
4,620.00 m/s  
20
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.10  
11
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
62.00 %  
21
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bk  
W  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14  
25
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.36  
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
0.98  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.40  
20
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.36  
3
Allen Electronegativity
2.70  
1
1.47  
33
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.64  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
5th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
7th Energy level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
8th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
9th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
10th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
11th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
12th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
14th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
32
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
16th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
17th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
18th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
19th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
20th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
21st Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
18
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
23rd Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
19
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
25th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
26th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
27th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
28th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
29th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
30th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.55 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
97  
21
74  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97  
21
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
110  
28
Number of Electrons
97  
21
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
24
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm  
27
162.00 pm  
31
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu  
18
183.84 amu  
37
Atomic Volume
13.39 cm3/mol  
99+
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Tantalum
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Rhenium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)  
37
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm  
99+
316.52 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
38
1.29  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3  
23
19.25 g/cm3  
16
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3  
29
17.60 g/cm3  
15
Tensile Strength
70.00 MPa  
31
370.00 MPa  
11
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
161.00 GPa  
5
Bulk Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
310.00 GPa  
4
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
411.00 GPa  
4
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00  
25
19.22  
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
23
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
7.60 nΩ·m  
99+
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
25
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
173.00 W/m·K  
7
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
3,695.00 K  
1
Thermal Expansion
13.25 µm/(m·K)  
36
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
380.00 kJ/mol  
27
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.25 kJ/mol  
31
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
601.00 kJ/mol  
11
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
52.00 J/mol.K  
37
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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