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Berkelium vs Bismuth

Berkelium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Berkelium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk  
Bi  
Group Number
14  
4
15  
3
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440406  
99+
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1949  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
986.00 °C  
99+
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C  
99+
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,070.00 MPa  
16
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,560.00 m/s  
99+
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bk  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14  
25
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
2.70  
1
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
32
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
19
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
97  
21
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97  
21
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
126  
19
Number of Electrons
97  
21
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
24
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm  
27
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu  
18
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
13.39 cm3/mol  
99+
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)  
37
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm  
99+
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
38
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3  
23
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3  
29
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
70.00 MPa  
31
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00  
25
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
7.60 nΩ·m  
99+
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
25
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.25 µm/(m·K)  
36
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
380.00 kJ/mol  
27
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.25 kJ/mol  
31
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
601.00 kJ/mol  
11
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
52.00 J/mol.K  
37
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
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