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Berkelium vs Gold

Berkelium
Gold
Gold vs Berkelium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk   
Au   
Group Number
Not Available   
11   
7
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440406   
99+
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1949   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C   
99+
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C   
40
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gold   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14   
25
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
2.54   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
2.70   
1
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97   
21
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97   
21
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
118   
23
Number of Electrons
97   
21
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu   
18
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)   
36
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm   
99+
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3   
22
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3   
11
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00   
14
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
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