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Berkelium vs Nickel


Nickel vs Berkelium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Bk   
Ni   

Group Number
Not Available   
10   
8

Period Number
7   
4   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440406   
99+
7440020   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  

Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt   

Discovery
In 1949   
In 1751   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-3 %   
4

Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.008 %   
3

Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
1.30 %   
3

Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.01 %   
15

Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
14

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  

Industrial Uses
NA   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Unknown   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3   
17

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.70 p.p.m.   
18

Physical Properties

Melting Point
986.00 °C   
99+
1,453.00 °C   
31

Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C   
40
2,732.00 °C   
38

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silver   
Silver   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
4.00   
10

Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
667.00 MPa   
18

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
638.00 MPa   
16

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,900.00 m/s   
12

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
72.00 %   
9

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Bk   
Ni   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
14   
25
25   
14

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.91   
10

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.94   
10

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.75   
3

Allen Electronegativity
2.70   
1
1.88   
6

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.09   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+
737.10 kJ/mol   
25

2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol   
25

3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,395.00 kJ/mol   
17

4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,300.00 kJ/mol   
15

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,339.00 kJ/mol   
15

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9

7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,800.00 kJ/mol   
10

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,600.00 kJ/mol   
10

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,600.00 kJ/mol   
10

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,670.00 kJ/mol   
14

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
30,970.00 kJ/mol   
7

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,000.00 kJ/mol   
7

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,100.00 kJ/mol   
7

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,500.00 kJ/mol   
8

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
44,800.00 kJ/mol   
10

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
48,100.00 kJ/mol   
12

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,101.00 kJ/mol   
11

18th Energy Level
Not Available   
58,570.00 kJ/mol   
12

19th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,700.00 kJ/mol   
1

20th Energy Level
Not Available   
159,000.00 kJ/mol   
3

21st Energy Level
Not Available   
169,400.00 kJ/mol   
3

22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
182,700.00 kJ/mol   
2

23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
194,000.00 kJ/mol   
2

Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
1.10 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.15 eV   
2

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
97   
21
28   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1   

Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
97   
21
28   
99+

Number of Neutrons
150   
11
31   
99+

Number of Electrons
97   
21
28   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
124.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
Not Available   
124.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
163.00 pm   
40

Atomic Weight
247.00 amu   
18
58.69 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
Not Available   
6.59 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Curium
  
Cobalt
  

Next Element
Copper
  

Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)   
36
42.00 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
341.60 pm   
99+
352.40 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3   
22
8.91 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3   
11
7.81 g/cm3   
29

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
345.00 MPa   
11

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
31

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
19.50 (Pa)   
6

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
Not Available   
76.00 GPa   
12

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
180.00 GPa   
9

Young's Modulus
Not Available   
200.00 GPa   
11

Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.31   
13

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
14.00   
14
8.90   
33

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   

Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
2

Susceptibility
Not Available   
600.00   
2

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
Not Available   
69.30 nΩ·m   
39

Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.14 106/cm Ω   
13

Electron Affinity
Not Available   
112.00 kJ/mol   
6

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.44 J/(kg K)   
13

Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
26.07 J/mol·K   
31

Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
90.90 W/m·K   
18

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
371.80 kJ/mol   
20

Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
17.57 kJ/mol   
14

Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
422.60 kJ/mol   
17

Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
29.90 J/mol.K   
99+

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