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Californium Rhodium Comparison


Rhodium Californium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Cf   
Rh   

Group Number
Not Available   
9   
9

Period Number
7   
5   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440713   
20
7440166   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  

Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
William Hyde Wollaston   

Discovery
In 1950   
In 1804   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-8 %   
26

Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000002 %   
25

Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
36

Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  

Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
NA   

Present in Human Body
No   
No   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
1,966.00 °C   
12

Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
3,727.00 °C   
17

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silver   
Silvery White   

Luster
NA   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
6.00   
6

Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
980.00 MPa   
9

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,100.00 MPa   
9

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,700.00 m/s   
15

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Cf   
Rh   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
20   
19
16   
23

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
2.28   
3

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.45   
16

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.56   
24

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
1.72   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
719.70 kJ/mol   
29

2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26

3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27

4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.98 eV   
6

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
98   
20
45   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   

Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
98   
20
45   
99+

Number of Neutrons
153   
9
58   
99+

Number of Electrons
98   
20
45   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
134.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
Not Available   
142.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
102.91 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
Not Available   
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Ruthenium
  

Next Element
Palladium
  

Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
64.00 (-eV)   
22

Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
380.34 pm   
27

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
12.41 g/cm3   
28

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.70 g/cm3   
14

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
951.00 MPa   
5

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.02 (Pa)   
19

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
Not Available   
150.00 GPa   
6

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
275.00 GPa   
5

Young's Modulus
Not Available   
380.00 GPa   
5

Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.26   
22

Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
12.41   
20

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   

Resistivity
Not Available   
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8

Electron Affinity
Not Available   
109.70 kJ/mol   
7

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22

Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
150.00 W/m·K   
9

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
495.40 kJ/mol   
12

Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
21.76 kJ/mol   
10

Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
556.50 kJ/mol   
12

Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+

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