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Californium vs Iridium

Californium
Iridium
Iridium vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf  
Ir  
Group Number
3  
15
9  
9
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440713  
20
7439885  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Iridium element occurs as natural alloys of Platinum and Osmium.
  • Iridium element is known as the most corrosion resistance metal .
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1950  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Iridium has an anti corrosion properties and it is used in special alloy with Osmium metal and that alloy is used in pen tips and compass bearings.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
900.00 °C  
99+
2,410.00 °C  
7
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C  
99+
4,527.00 °C  
10
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa  
99+
1,670.00 MPa  
5
Vickers Hardness
1,800.00 MPa  
7
1,760.00 MPa  
8
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
4,825.00 m/s  
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
78.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cf  
Ir  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.68  
20
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
36
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,256.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
8
6th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
25
7th Energy level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
8th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
9th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
10th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
23
11th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
20
12th Energy Level
60,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
40
13th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
14th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
30
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
15th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
16th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
29
88,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
17th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
26
18th Energy Level
6,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
15
19th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
24
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
14
21st Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
16
880.00 kJ/mol  
37
22nd Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
39
880.00 kJ/mol  
12
23rd Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
17
8,800.00 kJ/mol  
7
24th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
25th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
26th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
27th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
5
28th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
29th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
9
30th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
880.00 kJ/mol  
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr  
17
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
4.55 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
98  
20
77  
39
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Iridium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98  
20
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
153  
10
110  
28
Number of Electrons
98  
20
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm  
11
136.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu  
17
192.22 amu  
34
Atomic Volume
15.10 cm3/mol  
99+
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Osmium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Platinum
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm  
99+
383.90 pm  
29
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.58  
35
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3  
21
22.56 g/cm3  
10
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.10 g/cm3  
22
19.00 g/cm3  
13
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
2,000.00 MPa  
2
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
21
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.00 GPa  
29
210.00 GPa  
2
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
320.00 GPa  
3
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10  
24
21.78  
12
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
5
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
6.20 nΩ·m  
99+
47.10 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
23
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
97.00 kJ/mol  
12
151.00 kJ/mol  
4
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.70 J/mol·K  
33
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
147.00 W/m·K  
10
Critical Temperature
900.00 K  
99+
2,719.00 K  
8
Thermal Expansion
11.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
311.40 kJ/mol  
99+
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.10 kJ/mol  
21
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
35.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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