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Californium Zirconium Comparison

Californium
Zirconium
Zirconium Californium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
Zr   
Group Number
Not Available   
4   
14
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7440677   
23
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Martin Heinrich Klaproth   
Discovery
In 1950   
In 1789   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
5 * 10-6 %   
13
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
17
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
NA   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
21
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.10 p.p.m.   
23
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
1,852.00 °C   
15
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
4,377.00 °C   
11
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
5.00   
8
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
638.00 MPa   
19
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
820.00 MPa   
15
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,800.00 m/s   
20
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
Zr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
24   
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.33   
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.90   
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.22   
26
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.32   
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.67   
24
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
640.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,270.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,218.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,313.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,752.00 kJ/mol   
10
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,500.00 kJ/mol   
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
0.85 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.05 eV   
26
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
40   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Kr] 4d2 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
40   
99+
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
51   
99+
Number of Electrons
98   
20
40   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
160.00 pm   
27
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
175.00 pm   
23
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
91.22 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
14.10 cm3/mol   
36
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Yttrium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Niobium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
80.00 (-eV)   
18
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
323.20 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
8
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
6.52 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
5.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
330.00 MPa   
12
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
21
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
33.00 GPa   
20
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
91.10 GPa   
17
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
88.00 GPa   
22
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
6.51   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
421.00 nΩ·m   
11
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
41.10 kJ/mol   
27
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.27 J/(kg K)   
19
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
22.60 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
5.70 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
581.60 kJ/mol   
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
20.90 kJ/mol   
11
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
598.00 kJ/mol   
10
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
39.00 J/mol.K   
39
Summary >>
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