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Chemical Properties of Thorium and Hafnium

Thorium
Hafnium
Chemical Properties of Hafnium and Thorium


Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Th   
Hf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28   
11
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.16   
37
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV   
32
3.90 eV   
27
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
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