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Curium vs Calcium

Curium
Calcium
Calcium vs Curium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cm  
Ca  
Group Number
3  
15
2  
16
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440519  
36
7440702  
21
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Curium metal does not occur free in nature.
  • Curium metal is a synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Helium Ions  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1944  
In 1808  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
1.10 %  
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
5.00 %  
3
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
5
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
1.40 %  
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Curium metal is used to provide power to electrical equipment for space missions.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3  
4
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
170,000.00 p.p.m.  
1
Physical
Melting Point
1,340.00 °C  
34
839.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,110.00 °C  
31
1,484.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
1.75  
18
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
170.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
461.00 MPa  
37
170.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cm  
Ca  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15  
24
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
0.95  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.04  
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.08  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.03  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
3.00  
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,026.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol  
7
4th Energy Level
3,550.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,491.00 kJ/mol  
15
5th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,153.00 kJ/mol  
11
6th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,496.00 kJ/mol  
14
7th Energy level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,270.00 kJ/mol  
12
8th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,206.00 kJ/mol  
15
9th Energy Level
6,690.00 kJ/mol  
37
18,191.00 kJ/mol  
12
10th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20,385.00 kJ/mol  
16
11th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
57,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
12th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
63,410.00 kJ/mol  
9
13th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
14th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
40
78,890.00 kJ/mol  
4
15th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,310.00 kJ/mol  
11
16th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
94,000.00 kJ/mol  
6
17th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
104,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
18th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
111,711.00 kJ/mol  
8
19th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
0.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
2.87 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
96  
22
20  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2  
[Ar] 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Curium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
96  
22
20  
99+
Number of Neutrons
151  
11
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
96  
22
20  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm  
22
197.00 pm  
8
Covalent Radius
169.00 pm  
28
176.00 pm  
24
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
231.00 pm  
23
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu  
18
40.08 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.28 cm3/mol  
38
29.90 cm3/mol  
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Americium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Berkelium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
29.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
336.25 pm  
99+
558.84 pm  
10
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.67  
11
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.51 g/cm3  
26
1.55 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.85 g/cm3  
25
1.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
350.00 MPa  
12
20.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
6
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
25.50 (Pa)  
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
32.00 GPa  
24
7.40 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
17.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
20.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.51  
28
4.58  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.25 nΩ·m  
99+
33.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.13 106/cm Ω  
19
0.30 106/cm Ω  
6
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2.37 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.63 J/(kg K)  
7
Molar Heat Capacity
27.50 J/mol·K  
21
25.93 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
11.00 W/m·K  
99+
201.00 W/m·K  
5
Critical Temperature
1,340.00 K  
99+
1,115.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
331.60 kJ/mol  
40
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.00 kJ/mol  
22
8.54 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
184.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
52.50 J/mol.K  
36
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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