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Curium vs Rhodium

Curium
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Curium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cm  
Rh  
Group Number
3  
15
9  
9
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440519  
36
7440166  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Curium metal does not occur free in nature.
  • Curium metal is a synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Helium Ions  
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1944  
In 1804  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Curium metal is used to provide power to electrical equipment for space missions.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,340.00 °C  
34
1,966.00 °C  
12
Boiling Point
3,110.00 °C  
31
3,727.00 °C  
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.00  
17
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
980.00 MPa  
10
Vickers Hardness
461.00 MPa  
37
1,100.00 MPa  
15
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
4,700.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cm  
Rh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15  
24
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.28  
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.28  
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.28  
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.56  
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
2nd Energy Level
1,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
3rd Energy Level
2,026.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
4th Energy Level
3,550.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
5th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
6th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
7th Energy level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
8th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,690.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
11th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
14th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
15th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
16th Energy Level
58,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
17th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
18th Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
19th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
20th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
21st Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
23rd Energy Level
5,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
25th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
26th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
27th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
28th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
29th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
30th Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol  
99+
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV  
19
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
96  
22
45  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2  
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Curium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
96  
22
45  
99+
Number of Neutrons
151  
11
58  
99+
Number of Electrons
96  
22
45  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm  
22
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
169.00 pm  
28
142.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu  
18
102.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
18.28 cm3/mol  
38
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Americium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Berkelium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
336.25 pm  
99+
380.34 pm  
30
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.67  
11
1.73  
7
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.51 g/cm3  
26
12.41 g/cm3  
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.85 g/cm3  
25
10.70 g/cm3  
35
Tensile Strength
350.00 MPa  
12
951.00 MPa  
5
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.02 (Pa)  
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
32.00 GPa  
24
150.00 GPa  
6
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
275.00 GPa  
5
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
380.00 GPa  
5
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.26  
22
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.51  
28
12.41  
32
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.25 nΩ·m  
99+
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.13 106/cm Ω  
19
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
Molar Heat Capacity
27.50 J/mol·K  
21
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
11.00 W/m·K  
99+
150.00 W/m·K  
9
Critical Temperature
1,340.00 K  
99+
2,237.00 K  
13
Thermal Expansion
11.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
331.60 kJ/mol  
40
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.00 kJ/mol  
22
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
Standard Molar Entropy
52.50 J/mol.K  
36
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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