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Rhodium vs Berkelium

Rhodium
Berkelium
Berkelium vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
Bk  
Group Number
9  
9
14  
4
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
7440406  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1804  
In 1949  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
986.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
2,627.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
1,070.00 MPa  
16
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
2,560.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
Bk  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
14  
25
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
2.70  
1
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
2,152.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
3,434.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
32
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
18
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
19
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
97  
21
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Rn] 5f9 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
97  
21
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
150  
12
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
97  
21
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
244.00 pm  
14
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
247.00 amu  
18
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
13.39 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Curium
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Californium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
45.50 (-eV)  
37
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
341.60 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
1.57  
38
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
14.78 g/cm3  
23
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
13.25 g/cm3  
29
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
70.00 MPa  
31
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
13.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
13.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
14.00  
25
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
13
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
7.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.10 106/cm Ω  
25
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.25 µm/(m·K)  
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
380.00 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
13.25 kJ/mol  
31
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
601.00 kJ/mol  
11
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
52.00 J/mol.K  
37
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