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Berkelium vs Osmium

Berkelium
Osmium
Osmium vs Berkelium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk  
Os  
Group Number
14  
4
8  
10
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440406  
99+
7440042  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Smithson Tennant  
Discovery
In 1949  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
986.00 °C  
99+
3,045.00 °C  
3
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C  
99+
5,027.00 °C  
6
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
3,490.00 MPa  
1
Vickers Hardness
1,070.00 MPa  
16
3,920.00 MPa  
1
Speed of Sound
2,560.00 m/s  
99+
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.07  
12
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bk  
Os  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14  
25
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.52  
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
2.70  
1
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7th Energy level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
8th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
9th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
11th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
12th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
14th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
32
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
18th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
19th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
20th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
21st Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
18
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
22nd Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
23rd Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
19
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
25th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
26th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
27th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
28th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
29th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
30th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.83 eV  
13
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
97  
21
76  
40
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97  
21
76  
39
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
114  
26
Number of Electrons
97  
21
76  
39
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
24
133.80 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm  
27
128.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
216.00 pm  
30
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu  
18
190.23 amu  
35
Atomic Volume
13.39 cm3/mol  
99+
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Rhenium
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Iridium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)  
37
91.40 (-eV)  
12
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm  
99+
273.44 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
38
1.58  
37
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3  
23
22.59 g/cm3  
9
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3  
29
20.00 g/cm3  
11
Tensile Strength
70.00 MPa  
31
1,000.00 MPa  
4
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
3
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
39
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
222.00 GPa  
1
Bulk Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
462.00 GPa  
1
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
528.00 GPa  
1
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00  
25
22.57  
11
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
17
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
7.60 nΩ·m  
99+
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
25
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
87.60 W/m·K  
19
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
3,300.00 K  
3
Thermal Expansion
13.25 µm/(m·K)  
36
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
380.00 kJ/mol  
27
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.25 kJ/mol  
31
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Atomization
601.00 kJ/mol  
11
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
Standard Molar Entropy
52.00 J/mol.K  
37
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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