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Osmium vs Fermium

Osmium
Fermium
Fermium vs Osmium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Os  
Fm  
Group Number
8  
10
3  
15
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440042  
99+
7440724  
19
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
  
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1952  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
  
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C  
3
1,527.00 °C  
26
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C  
6
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa  
1
500.00 MPa  
28
Vickers Hardness
3,920.00 MPa  
1
600.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s  
15
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.07  
12
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
59.00 %  
24
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Os  
Fm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
18  
21
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52  
13
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.65  
22
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
12
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
6th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
25
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
10th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
23
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
13th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
14th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
15th Energy Level
84,000.00 kJ/mol  
12
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
16th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
17th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
29
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
19th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
27
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
20th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
19
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
39
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
15
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
24th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
11
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
25th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
26th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
27th Energy Level
713.30 kJ/mol  
24
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
840.10 kJ/mol  
13
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
13
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
9
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV  
13
4.47 eV  
21
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
76  
40
100  
18
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2  
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
76  
39
100  
18
Number of Neutrons
114  
26
157  
8
Number of Electrons
76  
39
100  
18
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm  
99+
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
180.00 pm  
23
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm  
30
245.00 pm  
13
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu  
35
257.00 amu  
15
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol  
99+
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhenium
  
Einsteinium
  
Next Element
Iridium
  
Mendelevium
  
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)  
12
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm  
99+
350.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
37
1.63  
13
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3  
9
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3  
11
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa  
4
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
3
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
39
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa  
1
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa  
1
50.00 GPa  
24
Young's Modulus
528.00 GPa  
1
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
22.57  
11
9.70  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
17
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m  
35
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
21
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol  
10
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K  
19
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,300.00 K  
3
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol  
8
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol  
4
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol  
6
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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