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Berkelium vs Rhodium

Berkelium
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Berkelium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk   
Rh   
Group Number
Not Available   
9   
9
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440406   
99+
7440166   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1949   
In 1804   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
NA   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C   
99+
1,966.00 °C   
12
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C   
40
3,727.00 °C   
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
980.00 MPa   
9
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk   
Rh   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14   
25
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
2.28   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
2.70   
1
1.56   
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.98 eV   
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97   
21
45   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97   
21
45   
99+
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
58   
99+
Number of Electrons
97   
21
45   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
142.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu   
18
102.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)   
36
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm   
99+
380.34 pm   
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3   
22
12.41 g/cm3   
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3   
11
10.70 g/cm3   
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
951.00 MPa   
5
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
150.00 GPa   
6
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
275.00 GPa   
5
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
380.00 GPa   
5
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.26   
22
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00   
14
12.41   
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
150.00 W/m·K   
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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