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Rhodium vs Fermium

Rhodium
Fermium
Fermium vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
Fm  
Group Number
9  
9
3  
15
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
7440724  
19
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1804  
In 1952  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
1,527.00 °C  
26
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
500.00 MPa  
28
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
600.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
59.00 %  
24
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
Fm  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
18  
21
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.47 eV  
21
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
100  
18
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
100  
18
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
100  
18
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
180.00 pm  
16
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
180.00 pm  
23
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
245.00 pm  
13
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
257.00 amu  
15
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Einsteinium
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Mendelevium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
350.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
1.63  
13
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
50.00 GPa  
24
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
9.70  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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