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Rhodium vs Nobelium

Rhodium
Nobelium
Nobelium vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
No  
Group Number
9  
9
3  
15
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
10028145  
16
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • The most stable isotope of Nobelium metal is No-259.
  • No-259 has a half-life of fifty-eight minutes.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Bombarding Curium-246 or Curium-249 with Carbon-12 Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1804  
In 1966  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
-  
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Currently known uses of Nobelium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
827.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
2,600.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
-  
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
500.00 MPa  
28
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
500.00 MPa  
35
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
1,100.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
No  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
1.10  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
642.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,254.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
2,643.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
3,956.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
35
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
6,420.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
641.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
3,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
917.00 kJ/mol  
34
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
627.00 kJ/mol  
36
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
6,410.00 kJ/mol  
12
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
627.00 kJ/mol  
39
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
601.20 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
641.00 kJ/mol  
37
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
641.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
641.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
4.83 g/amp-hr  
4
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
102  
16
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Rn] 5f14 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Nobelium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
102  
16
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
102  
16
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
176.00 pm  
20
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
246.00 pm  
12
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
259.00 amu  
13
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
19.80 cm3/mol  
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Mendelevium
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Lawrencium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
26.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
1.76  
5
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
9.90 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
9.90 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
28
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
8.70 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
12.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
9.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
3
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
0.68 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
0.10 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
1,100.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
-  
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
390.40 kJ/mol  
30
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
63.00 J/mol.K  
24
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