Symbol
Dy
Co
Group Number
39
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
64
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74299167440484
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Dysprosium acts stable in air at room temperature.
- Dysprosium behaves very much like paramagnetic metal.
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Georg Brandt
Discovery
In 1886
In 1732
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.06 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Dysprosium metal is highly reactive due to which it pure form is not as usual as its alloy.
-
Thi metals alloy is used in magnate as it is resistance to high temperature.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
-
Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
Industrial Uses
-
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.04 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.04 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,407.00 °C1,495.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C2,870.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.005.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa470.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
540.00 MPa1,043.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,710.00 m/s4,720.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.782.50
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
35.00 %67.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
α-Cobalt
β Allotropes
-
β-Cobalt
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Dy
Co
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2926
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.221.88
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.222.56
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.101.70
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.221.88
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.221.84
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.782.12
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,130.00 kJ/mol1,648.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,200.00 kJ/mol3,232.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol4,950.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol7,670.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol9,840.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,730.00 kJ/mol12,440.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol15,230.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
6,340.00 kJ/mol17,959.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol26,570.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol29,400.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol32,400.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol36,600.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol39,700.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
57,300.00 kJ/mol42,800.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
57,300.00 kJ/mol49,396.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
573.30 kJ/mol52,737.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol134,810.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
573.30 kJ/mol145,170.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol154,700.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol167,400.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol178,100.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol189,300.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
573.00 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.02 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV5.00 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Number
6622
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
6622
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
9626
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
6622
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
178.00 pm147.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
192.00 pm160.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm200.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
162.50 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
19.00 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
47.40 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
359.30 pm295.08 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.571.26
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.54 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.37 g/cm34.11 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa434.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.98 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
24.70 GPa44.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
40.50 GPa110.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
61.40 GPa116.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.250.32
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Sectile
Ductile
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.554,500.00
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
926.00 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol7.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
27.70 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
10.70 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,680.00 K1,768.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)8.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
230.00 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.05 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.00 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
75.60 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻